Blockchain-Based, Dynamic Attribute-Based Access Control for Smart Home Energy Systems

The adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart household energy systems offers new opportunities for efficiency and automation, while also posing substantial security challenges. These systems utilize diverse standards and protocols to autonomously access, collect, and share energy-related data over distributed networks. However, this interconnectivity increases their vulnerability to cyber threats, making the system vulnerable to cyber threats. The literature reveals numerous cases of cyberattacks on IoT-based energy infrastructures, primarily involving unauthorized access, data breaches, and device exploitation. Therefore, designing a robust ecosystem with secure and efficient access control (AC), while safeguarding user functionality and privacy, is essential. This paper proposes a dynamic attribute-based access control (ABAC) model that leverages a hybrid blockchain architecture to enhance security and trust in smart household energy systems. The proposed architecture integrates Hyperledger Fabric for managing user, resource, and device attributes using smart contracts, while Hyperledger Besu enforces decentralized access policies. Additionally, a trust recalibration mechanism dynamically adjusts access permissions based on behavioral analysis, mitigating unauthorized access risks and improving energy system adaptability. Experimental results demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in securing IoT smart home energy, while ensuring seamless device onboarding and efficient access control.