Mud Loss Analysis Through Predictive Modeling of Pore Pressure and Fracture Gradients in Tin Fouye Tabankort Field, Western Illizi Basin, Algeria

This study examines the distribution of pore pressure (PP) and fracture gradient (FG) within intervals of lost circulation encountered during drilling operations in the Ordovician reservoir (IV-3 unit) of the Tin Fouye Tabankort (TFT) field, located in the Illizi Basin, Algeria. The research further aims to determine an optimized drilling mud weight to mitigate mud losses and enhance overall operational efficiency. PP and FG models for the Ordovician reservoir were developed based on data collected from five vertical development wells. The analysis incorporated multiple datasets, including well logs, mud logging reports, downhole measurements, and Leak-Off Tests (LOTs). The findings revealed an average overburden gradient of 1.03 psi/ft for the TFT field. The generated pore pressure and fracture gradient (PPFG) models indicated a sub-normal pressure regime in the Ordovician sandstone IV-3 reservoir, with PP values ranging from 5.61 to 6.24 ppg and FG values between 7.40 and 9.14 ppg. The analysis identified reservoir depletion due to prolonged hydrocarbon production as the primary factor contributing to the reduction in fracture gradient, which significantly narrowed the mud weight window and increased the likelihood of lost circulation. Further examination of pump on/off cycles over time, coupled with shallow and deep resistivity variations with depth, confirmed that the observed mud losses were predominantly associated with induced fractures resulting from the application of excessive mud weight during drilling operations. Based on the established PP and FG profiles, a narrow mud weight window of 6.24–7.40 ppg was recommended to ensure the safe and efficient drilling of future wells in the TFT field and support the sustainability of drilling operations in the context of a depleted reservoir.