IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i7p1799-d1627131.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Numerical Investigation of the Effects of the Fuel Injection Pressure and Nozzle Hole Diameter on Natural Gas–Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion Characteristics

Author

Listed:
  • Murat Durmaz

    (Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Türkiye)

  • Selma Ergin

    (Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Türkiye)

Abstract

Natural gas–diesel dual-fuel (NDDF) engines can reduce harmful emissions while maintaining diesel-like efficiency. However, under low-load conditions, they suffer from high methane (CH 4 ) emissions, reduced combustion stability, and lower thermal efficiency. To address and improve these issues, this study numerically investigates the effects of the injection pressure (32, 50, 90, and 126 MPa) and nozzle hole diameter (NHD, 110–230 μm) on dual-fuel combustion. A total of 25%, 50%, and 75% natural gas energy fraction (NGEF) conditions are simulated for dual-fuel cases, and fully diesel-fueled conditions are also studied. The results at 50% and 75% NGEF indicate that increasing the injection pressure significantly improves thermal efficiency while reducing CH 4 and soot emissions. Furthermore, at 75% NGEF, NHD reduction from 230 to 150 μm provides more stable combustion rates, higher thermal efficiency, and lower CH 4 emissions. At 75% NGEF, the combination of 126 MPa of injection pressure and 150 μm of NHD reduces CH 4 emissions by 77% and increases thermal efficiency by 9.8% compared to the baseline case (32 MPa and 230 μm). This study demonstrates that optimal combinations of injection pressure and NHD can significantly improve low-load issues in NDDF engines.

Suggested Citation

  • Murat Durmaz & Selma Ergin, 2025. "A Numerical Investigation of the Effects of the Fuel Injection Pressure and Nozzle Hole Diameter on Natural Gas–Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-25, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:7:p:1799-:d:1627131
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1799/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1799/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:7:p:1799-:d:1627131. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.