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The Role of HCl-Catalyzed Sequential Carbonization in Producing Highly Carbonaceous Porous Biochar with Minimized Heavy Metal Content from Swine Manure

Author

Listed:
  • Seong-Yeun Yoo

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163, Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea)

  • Seong-Su Kim

    (Bioenergy Center, Kinava Co., Ltd., #701-704, 7, Heolleung-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06792, Republic of Korea)

  • Thi. Thu-Trang Ho

    (Bioenergy Center, Kinava Co., Ltd., #701-704, 7, Heolleung-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06792, Republic of Korea)

  • Ahmad Nadeem

    (Bioenergy Center, Kinava Co., Ltd., #701-704, 7, Heolleung-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06792, Republic of Korea)

  • Kangil Choe

    (Bioenergy Center, Kinava Co., Ltd., #701-704, 7, Heolleung-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06792, Republic of Korea)

  • Jai-Young Lee

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163, Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

This study investigated the production of high-performance biochar from swine manure using a sequential carbonization process combining hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and pyrolysis. Biochar produced through HCl-assisted sequential carbonization exhibited superior properties, including the highest fixed carbon (70.0%), higher heating value (28.48 MJ/kg, ~18.8% increase over HTC-Py), and BET surface area (279.66 m 2 /g, ~17 times higher than other biochars). These improvements were attributed to the catalytic role of HCl in promoting dehydration, hydrolysis, and decarboxylation, leading to a more condensed and stabilized carbon structure. Furthermore, HCl significantly enhanced heavy metal removal, reducing Zn to 343.17 mg/kg (compared to HTC-Py 1324.15 mg/kg) and lowering Cd, As, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cr by 70–80%, demonstrating effective demineralization. This approach presents a practical strategy for producing high-quality biochar with improved carbonization, energy properties, and pollutant removal, offering potential applications in environmental and agricultural fields.

Suggested Citation

  • Seong-Yeun Yoo & Seong-Su Kim & Thi. Thu-Trang Ho & Ahmad Nadeem & Kangil Choe & Jai-Young Lee, 2025. "The Role of HCl-Catalyzed Sequential Carbonization in Producing Highly Carbonaceous Porous Biochar with Minimized Heavy Metal Content from Swine Manure," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:4:p:948-:d:1592520
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eunhye Song & Ho Kim & Kyung Woo Kim & Young-Man Yoon, 2023. "Characteristic Evaluation of Different Carbonization Processes for Hydrochar, Torrefied Char, and Biochar Produced from Cattle Manure," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-14, April.
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