IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i3p626-d1579913.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Study on Thermal Environment and Energy Consumption of Typical Residential Courtyards in Beijing’s Old City

Author

Listed:
  • Yuanyuan Li

    (School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Chuang Wang

    (School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Ziheng Zhao

    (School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Jingjing An

    (School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Yang Shi

    (School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Shimeng Hao

    (School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Zhongqi Ren

    (School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Jie Zhang

    (School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
    School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract

Old city courtyards are crucial elements of Beijing’s ancient capital. However, existing ones face heating problems. This study focuses on renovated and original-style courtyards. By employing ENVI-met and DeST software, we comprehensively analyzed the courtyard’s thermal environment, ventilation, indoor conditions, and energy consumption. Findings reveal that both types have thermal discomfort. Original courtyards are colder in winter and hotter in summer due to wind and radiation. They possess better ventilation but a higher winter heating load. Both require winter heating, with the original ones having a larger unit area load because of envelope heat loss and ventilation differences. Their direct electric heating consumptions, 187.6 kWh/m 2 and 229.6 kWh/m 2 , respectively, surpass ordinary residences. This study defines issues for future green and low-carbon courtyard work.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuanyuan Li & Chuang Wang & Ziheng Zhao & Jingjing An & Yang Shi & Shimeng Hao & Zhongqi Ren & Jie Zhang, 2025. "Study on Thermal Environment and Energy Consumption of Typical Residential Courtyards in Beijing’s Old City," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-35, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:3:p:626-:d:1579913
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/626/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/626/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Guo, Siyue & Yan, Da & Hong, Tianzhen & Xiao, Chan & Cui, Ying, 2019. "A novel approach for selecting typical hot-year (THY) weather data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1634-1648.
    2. Jindong Wu & Yu Wang & Shuhua Li & Qitao Wu & Taecheol Lee & Seonghwan Yoon, 2024. "Quantitative Study on the Effects of Street Geometries and Tree Configurations on the Outdoor Thermal Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-24, May.
    3. Sung-Jin Kwon & Jae-Hun Jo & Dong-Seok Lee, 2024. "Proposal of Three Methods for Deriving Representative Mean Radiant Temperatures Considering Zone Spatial Distributions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-19, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Amin, Amin & Mourshed, Monjur, 2024. "Weather and climate data for energy applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    2. Yassaghi, Hamed & Gurian, Patrick L. & Hoque, Simi, 2020. "Propagating downscaled future weather file uncertainties into building energy use," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    3. Xinying Fan & Bin Chen & Changfeng Fu & Lingyun Li, 2020. "Research on the Influence of Abrupt Climate Changes on the Analysis of Typical Meteorological Year in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Bu, Fan & Yan, Da & Tan, Gang & Sun, Hongsan & An, Jingjing, 2022. "Systematically incorporating spectrum-selective radiative cooling into building performance simulation: Numerical integration method and experimental validation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    5. Anaïs Machard & Christian Inard & Jean-Marie Alessandrini & Charles Pelé & Jacques Ribéron, 2020. "A Methodology for Assembling Future Weather Files Including Heatwaves for Building Thermal Simulations from the European Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (EURO-CORDEX) Climate Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-36, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:3:p:626-:d:1579913. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.