Optimising Ion Conductivity in NdBaInO 4 -Based Phases

Based on the previous work conducted by Fujii et al., NdBaInO 4 compounds present modest oxide-ion conductivities. Therefore, it has been an attractive system of significant interest. In this study, we attempted to partially substitute Ca for Nd and the total electrical conductivity was successfully improved due to the generation of oxygen vacancies. The synthesis, crystal structure, density, surface topography, and electrical properties of NdBaInO 4 and Ca-doped NdBaInO 4 have been studied, respectively. NdBaInO 4 and 10% and 20% molar fractions of Ca-doped NdBaInO 4 were synthesized through solid-state reactions. The crystal structure of them was obtained from Le Bail refinement of the XRD pattern, giving the result of the monoclinic structure, which belongs to P2 1 / c space group. The highest total electrical conductivity of 4.91 × 10 −3 S cm −1 was obtained in the Nd 0.9 Ca 0.1 BaInO 3.95 sample at a temperature of 760 °C in the dry atmosphere and the activation energy was reduced from 0.68 eV to 0.58 eV when the temperature was above 464 °C (737 K) after doping the NdBaInO 4 with a 0.1 molar fraction of Ca 2+ . Moreover, the total conductivity of Nd 0.9 Ca 0.1 BaInO 3.95 in the wet atmosphere at moderate temperature was relatively higher than that in the dry atmosphere, which suggests that potential proton conduction may exist in wet atmospheres. In addition, the oxygen diffusion coefficients of Nd 0.9 Ca 0.1 BaInO 3.95 (D* = 1.82 × 10 −8 cm 2 /s, 850 °C) was about two times higher than that of Nd 0.8 Ca 0.2 BaInO 3.90 (D* = 7.95 × 10 −9 cm 2 /s, 850 °C) and was increased significantly by two orders of magnitude when compared with the oxygen diffusion coefficient of the undoped NdBaInO 4 (D* = 8.25 × 10 −11 cm 2 /s, 850 °C).