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Graphite Regeneration and NCM Cathode Type Synthesis from Retired LIBs by Closed-Loop Cycle Recycling Technology of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Alexandra Kosenko

    (Laboratory “Synthesis of the New Materials and Structures”, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia)

  • Konstantin Pushnitsa

    (Laboratory “Synthesis of the New Materials and Structures”, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia)

  • Vladislav Chernyavsky

    (Laboratory “Synthesis of the New Materials and Structures”, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia)

  • Pavel Novikov

    (Laboratory “Synthesis of the New Materials and Structures”, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia)

  • Anatoliy A. Popovich

    (Laboratory “Synthesis of the New Materials and Structures”, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia)

Abstract

A closed-loop regeneration process for spent LiCoO 2 has been successfully designed with prior synthesis of LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 , by the authors. This research applies the methodology to lithium-ion battery anodes, using spent graphite from a decommissioned battery in a leaching process with 1.5 mol∙L −1 malic acid and 3% H 2 O 2 alongside LiCoO 2 . The filtered graphite was separated, annealed in an argon atmosphere, and the filtrate was used to synthesize NCM cathode material. Characterization involved X-ray diffraction, EDX, and SEM techniques. The regenerated graphite (RG) showed a specific discharge capacity of 340.4 mAh/g at a 0.1C rate in the first cycle, dropping to 338.4 mAh/g after 55 cycles, with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. CV and EIS methods provided further material assessment. In a related study, the SNCM111 synthesized from the leaching solution showed a specific discharge capacity of 131.68 mAh/g initially, decreasing to 115.71 mAh/g after 22 cycles.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandra Kosenko & Konstantin Pushnitsa & Vladislav Chernyavsky & Pavel Novikov & Anatoliy A. Popovich, 2024. "Graphite Regeneration and NCM Cathode Type Synthesis from Retired LIBs by Closed-Loop Cycle Recycling Technology of Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:22:p:5570-:d:1516134
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