Study on Coal Seam Roof Failure Based on Optical Fiber Acoustic Sensing and the Parallel Electrical Method

As China enters the stage of deep coal mining, the accidents caused by roof failure pose increasingly serious threats. Current research on roof failure zones often use single methods, but single geophysical data may result in multisolution issues during interpretation. This paper employed similar simulation experiments, exploring the strain failure characteristics and the changes in apparent resistivity caused by stress variations, taking the 11-3106 working face of a mining area as the research object. Through optical fiber strain and apparent resistivity, the locations and degrees of fracture in postmining rock strata were identified. The feasibility of using distributed optical fiber sensing and the parallel electrical method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of mining-induced fractures was verified. The results showed that optical fiber strain increased significantly at the location of rock fracture, with apparent resistivity anomalies rising correspondingly. The peak strain region corresponded well with the region of apparent resistivity anomalies. In a similar simulation with a geometric ratio of 1:100, the height of the caving zone was measured to be 31.65 cm, with a caving-to-mining ratio of 6.33. In the field working face, the caving zone height was 29.47 m, with a caving-to-mining ratio of 6.01, consistent with the actual conditions of the 11-3106 working face.