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Integration and Optimization of Multisource Electric Vehicles: A Critical Review of Hybrid Energy Systems, Topologies, and Control Algorithms

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  • Nikolaos Fesakis

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece)

  • Georgios Falekas

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece)

  • Ilias Palaiologou

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece)

  • Georgia Eirini Lazaridou

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece)

  • Athanasios Karlis

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece)

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are pivotal in addressing the escalating environmental crisis. While EV drivetrains excel compared to those of vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs), their energy storage systems are hampered by limited range, lifespan, and lengthy charging times. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) present a viable current solution to these issues. This review thoroughly explores the state of the art in the emerging field of multisource EVs that utilize HESSs, incorporating any combination of batteries (BTs), supercapacitors (SCs), flywheels (FWs), fuel cells (FCs), and/or transmotors. In addition, the paper systematically categorizes and evaluates different hybrid configurations, detailing potential topologies and their respective advantages and limitations. Moreover, the paper examines diverse control algorithms used to manage these complex systems, focusing on their effectiveness and operational efficiency. By identifying current research gaps and technological challenges, this study aims to delineate future research directions that could enhance the deployment and optimization of multisource EVs, thereby addressing critical challenges such as energy density, system reliability, and cost-effectiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • Nikolaos Fesakis & Georgios Falekas & Ilias Palaiologou & Georgia Eirini Lazaridou & Athanasios Karlis, 2024. "Integration and Optimization of Multisource Electric Vehicles: A Critical Review of Hybrid Energy Systems, Topologies, and Control Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-42, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:17:p:4364-:d:1468717
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sulaiman, N. & Hannan, M.A. & Mohamed, A. & Majlan, E.H. & Wan Daud, W.R., 2015. "A review on energy management system for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle: Issues and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 802-814.
    2. Hu, Lin & Tian, Qingtao & Zou, Changfu & Huang, Jing & Ye, Yao & Wu, Xianhui, 2022. "A study on energy distribution strategy of electric vehicle hybrid energy storage system considering driving style based on real urban driving data," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    3. Xia, Quan & Ren, Yi & Wang, Zili & Yang, Dezhen & Yan, Peiyu & Wu, Zeyu & Sun, Bo & Feng, Qiang & Qian, Cheng, 2023. "Safety risk assessment method for thermal abuse of lithium-ion battery pack based on multiphysics simulation and improved bisection method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
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