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Direct Sonochemical Leaching of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn from Mixed Li-Ion Batteries with Organic Acids

Author

Listed:
  • Joanna Willner

    (Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Fornalczyk

    (Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Bernadeta Gajda

    (Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 69 Dabrowskiego Street, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland)

  • Tomasz Figlus

    (Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Adam Swieboda

    (Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Dawid Wegrzyński

    (Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Aleksander Mlonka

    (Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Bartosz Perenc

    (Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Michał Kander

    (Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

Abstract

Metals such as nickel, cobalt, lithium, and manganese are widely used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electronic devices and electric vehicles. It is forecast that there will be a strong increase in the number of electronic devices and electric vehicles in the coming years. (1) Background: In this paper, the application of ultrasound waves on improving Li, Co, Mn, and Ni leaching efficiency from mixed active cathode materials from different types of LIBs is presented. (2) Methods: Environmentally friendly, low-concentrated (0.75 M) organic acids (oxalic acid, citric acid) and, additionally, sulfuric acid, were used in sonochemical and chemical leaching (stirring process) at a temperature of 60 °C. (3) Results: The results showed significantly higher leaching efficiency of metals with ultrasound-assisted treatment, especially when using organic acids. An average of 50% better leaching results were obtained for Li in oxalic acid (99.6%) and for Co (93.1%) in citric acid during sonochemical leaching. (4) Conclusions: Based on the theory of hydrogen peroxide formation during ultrasound wave transition in solutions, the role of H 2 O 2 as one of the most effective reductants used to enhance cobalt, manganese, and nickel leaching from LIBs is indicated.

Suggested Citation

  • Joanna Willner & Agnieszka Fornalczyk & Bernadeta Gajda & Tomasz Figlus & Adam Swieboda & Dawid Wegrzyński & Aleksander Mlonka & Bartosz Perenc & Michał Kander, 2024. "Direct Sonochemical Leaching of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn from Mixed Li-Ion Batteries with Organic Acids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:16:p:4055-:d:1457013
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