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Primary Frequency Control with an Air Handling Unit

Author

Listed:
  • Niko Karhula

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Seppo Sierla

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Heikki Ihasalo

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Jaakko Ketomäki

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Matti Huotari

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
    Smart Building Group, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, 00920 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Valeriy Vyatkin

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
    Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden)

Abstract

The green energy transition threatens stability of the power grid due to associated reduction in grid synchronous inertia. Primary frequency control (PFC) can compensate for the challenge; however, sufficient procurement of primary frequency capacity could depend on more extensive employment of demand-side loads for PFC. Ventilation fans in particular present a promising class of such loads because of ubiquity of variable-frequency drives and relatively slow thermal and ventilation dynamics of indoor spaces. This research proposes a novel method for PFC by an air handling unit: the open loop control is shown to have favorable dynamic characteristics, and its impact on indoor climate is shown to be tolerable. This study suggests that the largely unused primary frequency capacity of ventilation fans could be exploited to provide primary frequency response for low inertia power grids.

Suggested Citation

  • Niko Karhula & Seppo Sierla & Heikki Ihasalo & Jaakko Ketomäki & Matti Huotari & Valeriy Vyatkin, 2024. "Primary Frequency Control with an Air Handling Unit," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:15:p:3777-:d:1447055
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