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Strategic Siting of Direct Air Capture Facilities in the United States

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  • Jason Boerst

    (National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Support Contractor, 626 Cochran Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA)

  • Ivonne Pena Cabra

    (National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Support Contractor, 626 Cochran Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA)

  • Smriti Sharma

    (National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Support Contractor, 626 Cochran Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA)

  • Connie Zaremsky

    (National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Support Contractor, 626 Cochran Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA)

  • Arun K. S. Iyengar

    (National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Support Contractor, 626 Cochran Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA)

Abstract

Direct air capture (DAC) systems that capture carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) directly from the atmosphere are garnering considerable attention for their potential role as negative emission technologies in achieving net-zero CO 2 emission goals. Common DAC technologies are based either on liquid–solvent (L-DAC) or solid–sorbent (S-DAC) to capture CO 2 . A comprehensive multi-factor comparative economic analysis of the deployment of L-DAC and S-DAC facilities across various United States (U.S.) cities is presented in this paper. The analysis considers the influence of various factors on the favorability of DAC deployment, including local climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, and CO 2 concentrations; the availability of energy sources to power the DAC system; and costs for the transport and storage of the captured CO 2 along with the consideration of the regional market and policy drivers. The deployment analysis in over 70 continental U.S. cities shows that L-DAC and S-DAC complement each other spatially, as their performance and operational costs vary in different climates. L-DAC is more suited to the hot, humid Southeast, while S-DAC is preferrable in the colder, drier Rocky Mountain region. Strategic deployment based on regional conditions and economics is essential for promoting the commercial adoptability of DAC, which is a critical technology to meet the CO 2 reduction targets.

Suggested Citation

  • Jason Boerst & Ivonne Pena Cabra & Smriti Sharma & Connie Zaremsky & Arun K. S. Iyengar, 2024. "Strategic Siting of Direct Air Capture Facilities in the United States," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-30, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:15:p:3755-:d:1445954
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. An, Keju & Farooqui, Azharuddin & McCoy, Sean T., 2022. "The impact of climate on solvent-based direct air capture systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
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