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An Experimental Study on the Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Tar Formed during Ex Situ Coal Gasification

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  • Marian Wiatowski

    (Główny Instytut Górnictwa (Central Mining Institute), Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland)

Abstract

Over the three-day gasification test of a large coal block with oxygen in atmospheric pressure conditions, the yield and composition of the tar collected was investigated. The tar was sampled approximately every 7 h into sorption tubes directly from the reactor outlet. Sand, with a moisture content of 11%, was used as an insulating material to simulate the environment of the gasified coal seam. Light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX), phenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the tar. The results that were obtained were recalculated into the concentrations of the individual components of the tar and its mass stream in the process gas. The residence time of the tar in the reactor, its molar mass, and the H/C ratio were also calculated. As the reaction progressed, the water that was contained in the wet sand started to react with the gasified coal, which significantly affected the composition and amount of the obtained process gas and the produced tar. Due to an increase in the amount of generated gases and steam, the residence time of the tar vapours in the reactor decreased as the gasification progressed, ranging from approximately 1 s at the beginning of the process to 0.35 s at the end. The obtained tar was characterised by a high average content of BTEX fractions at approximately 82.6%, PAHs at 14.7%, and phenols at 2.7%. Benzene was the dominant BTEX compound, with a concentration of 83.7%. The high content of the BTEX compounds, especially benzene, was a result of secondary processes taking place in the tar (hydrocracking and steam reforming), and as a result of which, in the presence of hydrogen and steam, the heavier components of the tar were transformed into lighter ones. The total yield of the tar from this UCG (underground coal gasification) process—calculated per 1 ton of gasified coal—was 1.8% (counted on the basis of the analysed tar composition). Comparing this result to the efficiency of the classic coking process, the tar yield was about three times lower.

Suggested Citation

  • Marian Wiatowski, 2023. "An Experimental Study on the Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Tar Formed during Ex Situ Coal Gasification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-23, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:6:p:2777-:d:1099588
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lele Feng & Maifan Dong & Yuxin Wu & Junping Gu, 2021. "Comparison of Tar Samples from Reaction Zone and Outlet in Ex-Situ Underground Coal Gasification Experiment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-11, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ján Kačur & Marek Laciak & Milan Durdán & Patrik Flegner, 2023. "Investigation of Underground Coal Gasification in Laboratory Conditions: A Review of Recent Research," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-55, August.
    2. Matheus Oliveira & Eliseu Monteiro & Abel Rouboa, 2024. "Optimizing Hydrogen-Rich Biofuel Production: Syngas Generation from Wood Chips and Corn Cobs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Dong, Maifan & Feng, Lele & Qin, Botao & Pang, Jiabao & Han, Gang & Xie, Jiahao, 2024. "A novel gas injection method with swirl flow in underground gasification for improving gas production and controlling pollution yields," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    4. Stanisław Gil & Wojciech Bialik & Piotr Mocek & Miroslav Rimár & Ján Kizek & Nikolas Polivka, 2023. "Investigation of the Kinetics of Pressure Coal Char Hydrogasification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-18, June.

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    2. Dong, Maifan & Feng, Lele & Qin, Botao & Pang, Jiabao & Han, Gang & Xie, Jiahao, 2024. "A novel gas injection method with swirl flow in underground gasification for improving gas production and controlling pollution yields," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).

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