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Shock Initiation and Propagation of Detonation in ANFO

Author

Listed:
  • Vječislav Bohanek

    (Department of Mining Engineering and Geotechnics, Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Barbara Štimac Tumara

    (Department of Mining Engineering and Geotechnics, Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Chan Hay Yee Serene

    (Emerging Nanoscience Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, North Spine, Block N1-B4a-02, Singapore 639798, Singapore)

  • Muhamed Sućeska

    (Department of Mining Engineering and Geotechnics, Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

Abstract

The ammonium nitrate (AN) and fuel oil (FO) mixture known as ANFO is a typical representative of non-ideal explosives. In contrast to ideal explosives, the detonation behavior of ANFO exhibits a strong dependence on charge diameter, existence, and properties of confinement, with a large failure diameter and long distance required to establish steady-state detonation. In this study shock initiation and propagation of detonation in ANFO were studied experimentally by determining the detonation velocity at different distances from the initiation point, as well as by numerical modeling using AUTODYN hydrodynamics code and a Wood–Kirkwood detonation model incorporated into EXPLO5 thermochemical code. The run-to-steady-state detonation velocity distance was determined as a function of charge diameter, booster charge mass, and confinement. It was demonstrated that a Lee–Tarver ignition and growth reactive flow model with properly calibrated rate constants was capable of correctly ascertaining experimentally observed shock initiation behavior and propagation of detonation in ANFO, as well as the effects of charge diameter, booster mass, and confinement.

Suggested Citation

  • Vječislav Bohanek & Barbara Štimac Tumara & Chan Hay Yee Serene & Muhamed Sućeska, 2023. "Shock Initiation and Propagation of Detonation in ANFO," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:4:p:1744-:d:1063374
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vječislav Bohanek & Muhamed Sućeska & Mario Dobrilović & Philipp Hartlieb, 2022. "Effect of Confinement on Detonation Velocity and Plate Dent Test Results for ANFO Explosive," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-9, June.
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