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Dioxin Formation in Biomass Gasification: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Aysan Safavi

    (School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, VR-II, Hjardarhaga 6, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland)

  • Christiaan Richter

    (School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, VR-II, Hjardarhaga 6, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland)

  • Runar Unnthorsson

    (School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, VR-II, Hjardarhaga 6, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland)

Abstract

The amount of PCDD/F emissions produced by gasification operations is often within standard limits set by national and international laws (<0.1 ng TEQ/Nm 3 ). However, a recent assessment of the literature indicates that gasification cannot always reduce PCDD/Fs emissions to acceptable levels, and thus a common belief on the replacement of incineration with gasification in order to reduce PCDD/Fs emissions seems overly simplistic. A review that summarizes the evidence on when gasification would likely result in environmentally benign emissions with PCDD/F below legal limits, and when not, would be of scientific and practical interest. Moreover, there are no reviews on dioxin formation in gasification. This review discusses the available data on the levels of dioxins formed by gasifying different waste streams, such as municipal solid wastes, plastics, wood waste, animal manure, and sewage sludge, from the existing experimental work. The PCDD/Fs formation in gasification and the operational parameters that can be controlled during the process to minimize PCDD/Fs formation are reviewed.

Suggested Citation

  • Aysan Safavi & Christiaan Richter & Runar Unnthorsson, 2022. "Dioxin Formation in Biomass Gasification: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:3:p:700-:d:727862
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sanaye, Sepehr & Alizadeh, Pouria & Yazdani, Mohsen, 2022. "Thermo-economic analysis of syngas production from wet digested sewage sludge by gasification process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 524-539.
    2. Safavi, Aysan & Richter, Christiaan & Unnthorsson, Runar, 2023. "Revisiting the reaction scheme of slow pyrolysis of woody biomass," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).

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