IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i23p9221-d994357.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Effect of CO 2 Gas Emissions on the Market Value, Price and Shares Returns

Author

Listed:
  • Mahdi Salehi

    (Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran)

  • Seyed Hamed Fahimifard

    (Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran)

  • Grzegorz Zimon

    (Department of Finance, Banking, and Accountancy, The Faculty of Management, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Andrzej Bujak

    (Department of Finance and Managament, WSB University in Wrocław, Fabryczna Street 29-31, 53-609 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Adam Sadowski

    (Department of Strategy and Value-Based Management, University of Lodz, 22/26 Matejki Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

One thing that should be considered in environmental considerations and climate change is the transportation sector’s contribution to producing carbon dioxide. Unfortunately, in developing countries such as Iran, due to high tariff support, manufacturers have no incentive to improve the combustion quality of their products. Most likely, significant restrictions on CO 2 emissions will be applied in the coming years, and companies whose activities or products are related to high-level greenhouse gas emissions will be affected by these restrictions. Therefore, due to the application of these restrictions, investors are most concerned about the risk associated with the return of purchased shares. Considering these cases, it can be expected that the risk related to carbon emissions will be reflected in the yield level and, thus, the stock price. Therefore, the present study deals with the effect of CO 2 gas emissions on the market value, price and stock returns of Iranian automobile companies. The data collected as tabular data include six automobile companies from 2018–2019. By conducting various tests and panel data estimations, especially the dynamic panel data method, it was determined that CO 2 emissions reduce stock prices, returns and market value of automobile companies. In addition, the results of the causality test indicate that the direction of causality is only from CO 2 emissions to stock returns.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahdi Salehi & Seyed Hamed Fahimifard & Grzegorz Zimon & Andrzej Bujak & Adam Sadowski, 2022. "The Effect of CO 2 Gas Emissions on the Market Value, Price and Shares Returns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9221-:d:994357
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/23/9221/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/23/9221/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Federica Cucchiella & Idiano D’Adamo & Massimo Gastaldi, 2018. "Future Trajectories of Renewable Energy Consumption in the European Union," Resources, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Dasgupta, Susmita & Hong, Jong Ho & Laplante, Benoit & Mamingi, Nlandu, 2006. "Disclosure of environmental violations and stock market in the Republic of Korea," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(4), pages 759-777, July.
    3. Omri, Anis, 2013. "CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth nexus in MENA countries: Evidence from simultaneous equations models," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 657-664.
    4. Minaee, Mohammadreza & Elahi, Shaban & Majidpour, Mehdi & Manteghi, Manoochehr, 2021. "Lessons learned from an unsuccessful “catching-up” in the automobile industry of Iran," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    5. Yassin Denis Bouzzine & Rainer Lueg, 2020. "The contagion effect of environmental violations: The case of Dieselgate in Germany," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(8), pages 3187-3202, December.
    6. Bolton, Patrick & Kacperczyk, Marcin, 2021. "Do investors care about carbon risk?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(2), pages 517-549.
    7. Halili, Zahra, 2020. "Identifying and ranking appropriate strategies for effective technology transfer in the automotive industry: Evidence from Iran," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    8. M. Berk Talay & M. Billur Akdeniz & Ahmet H. Kirca, 2017. "When do the stock market returns to new product preannouncements predict product performance? Empirical evidence from the U.S. automotive industry," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 45(4), pages 513-533, July.
    9. Grzegorz Lew & Beata Sadowska & Katarzyna Chudy-Laskowska & Grzegorz Zimon & Magdalena Wójcik-Jurkiewicz, 2021. "Influence of Photovoltaic Development on Decarbonization of Power Generation—Example of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-20, November.
    10. Lynette Cheah & John Heywood & Randolph Kirchain, 2009. "Aluminum Stock and Flows in U.S. Passenger Vehicles and Implications for Energy Use," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 13(5), pages 718-734, October.
    11. González Palencia, Juan C. & Furubayashi, Takaaki & Nakata, Toshihiko, 2014. "Techno-economic assessment of lightweight and zero emission vehicles deployment in the passenger car fleet of developing countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 129-142.
    12. Grzegorz Zimon & Dominik Zimon, 2020. "The Impact of Purchasing Group on the Profitability of Companies Operating in the Renewable Energy Sector—The Case of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.
    13. Rohleder, Martin & Wilkens, Marco & Zink, Jonas, 2022. "The effects of mutual fund decarbonization on stock prices and carbon emissions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    14. Kloess, Maximilian & Müller, Andreas, 2011. "Simulating the impact of policy, energy prices and technological progress on the passenger car fleet in Austria--A model based analysis 2010-2050," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 5045-5062, September.
    15. Tamazian, Artur & Chousa, Juan Piñeiro & Vadlamannati, Krishna Chaitanya, 2009. "Does higher economic and financial development lead to environmental degradation: Evidence from BRIC countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 246-253, January.
    16. David L. McCollum & Jessica Jewell & Volker Krey & Morgan Bazilian & Marianne Fay & Keywan Riahi, 2016. "Quantifying uncertainties influencing the long-term impacts of oil prices on energy markets and carbon emissions," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 1(7), pages 1-8, July.
    17. Ren, Shenggang & Yuan, Baolong & Ma, Xie & Chen, Xiaohong, 2014. "International trade, FDI (foreign direct investment) and embodied CO2 emissions: A case study of Chinas industrial sectors," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 123-134.
    18. Mahdi Salehi & Grzegorz Zimon & Arash Arianpoor & Fatemeh Eidi Gholezoo, 2022. "The Impact of Investment Efficiency on Firm Value and Moderating Role of Institutional Ownership and Board Independence," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, April.
    19. Magdalena Wójcik-Jurkiewicz & Marzena Czarnecka & Grzegorz Kinelski & Beata Sadowska & Katarzyna Bilińska-Reformat, 2021. "Determinants of Decarbonisation in the Transformation of the Energy Sector: The Case of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, February.
    20. Chia-Lin Chang & Jukka Ilomäki & Hannu Laurila & Michael McAleer, 2020. "Causality between CO2 Emissions and Stock Markets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-14, June.
    21. Arasti, Mohammadreza & Khaleghi, Mahdi & Noori, Javad, 2017. "Corporate-level technology strategy and its linkage with corporate strategy in multi-business companies: IKCO case study," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 243-252.
    22. Olatunji Abdul Shobande & Lawrence Ogbeifun, 2022. "Sustainable Blueprint: Do Stock Investors Increase Emissions?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-13, February.
    23. Paramati, Sudharshan Reddy & Mo, Di & Gupta, Rakesh, 2017. "The effects of stock market growth and renewable energy use on CO2 emissions: Evidence from G20 countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 360-371.
    24. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Solarin, Sakiru Adebola & Mahmood, Haider & Arouri, Mohamed, 2013. "Does financial development reduce CO2 emissions in Malaysian economy? A time series analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 145-152.
    25. Liang, Jinhao & Irfan, Muhammad & Ikram, Muhammad & Zimon, Dominik, 2022. "Evaluating natural resources volatility in an emerging economy: The influence of solar energy development barriers," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    26. Jeong-Hwan Lee & Jin-Hyung Cho, 2021. "Firm-Value Effects of Carbon Emissions and Carbon Disclosures—Evidence from Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-16, November.
    27. Nazanin Tahssili & Mohammad Ali Shahhoseini, 2022. "The effect of consumers’ perception of CSR activities on their purchasing behavior: the case of the Iranian automotive market," International Journal of Ethics and Systems, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 39(2), pages 361-378, June.
    28. Camélia Radu & Samaneh Maram, 2021. "The value relevance of reported carbon emissions," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 25(2), pages 347-377, June.
    29. Andrzej Pacana & Dominika Siwiec, 2022. "Model to Predict Quality of Photovoltaic Panels Considering Customers’ Expectations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-33, February.
    30. Hao, Han & Wang, Hewu & Ouyang, Minggao, 2011. "Fuel conservation and GHG (Greenhouse gas) emissions mitigation scenarios for China’s passenger vehicle fleet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 6520-6528.
    31. Seker, Fahri & Ertugrul, Hasan Murat & Cetin, Murat, 2015. "The impact of foreign direct investment on environmental quality: A bounds testing and causality analysis for Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 347-356.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Asif Raihan & Grzegorz Zimon & Mohammad Mahtab Alam & Md. Rehan Khan & Beata Sadowska, 2024. "Nexus between Nuclear Energy, Economic Growth, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in India," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(2), pages 172-182, March.
    2. Dulal Chandra Pattak & Farian Tahrim & Mahdi Salehi & Liton Chandra Voumik & Salma Akter & Mohammad Ridwan & Beata Sadowska & Grzegorz Zimon, 2023. "The Driving Factors of Italy’s CO 2 Emissions Based on the STIRPAT Model: ARDL, FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR Approaches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-21, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chia-Lin Chang & Jukka Ilomäki & Hannu Laurila & Michael McAleer, 2020. "Causality between CO2 Emissions and Stock Markets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-14, June.
    2. Muhammad Shahbaz & Mehmet Akif Destek & Michael L. Polemis, 2018. "Do Foreign Capital and Financial Development Affect Clean Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions? Evidence from BRICS and Next-11 Countries," SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, University of Piraeus, vol. 68(4), pages 20-50, October-D.
    3. Sofia Karagiannopoulou & Grigoris Giannarakis & Emilios Galariotis & Constantin Zopounidis & Nikolaos Sariannidis, 2022. "The Impact of Dow Jones Sustainability Index, Exchange Rate and Consumer Sentiment Index on Carbon Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, September.
    4. Demena, Binyam Afewerk & Afesorgbor, Sylvanus Kwaku, 2020. "The effect of FDI on environmental emissions: Evidence from a meta-analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    5. Mohamed Abdouli & Sami Hammami, 2020. "Economic Growth, Environment, FDI Inflows, and Financial Development in Middle East Countries: Fresh Evidence from Simultaneous Equation Models," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 11(2), pages 479-511, June.
    6. Destek, Mehmet Akif & Sohag, Kazi & Aydın, Sercan & Destek, Gamze, 2022. "Foreign direct investment, stock market capitalization and sustainable development: Relative impacts of domestic and foreign capital," MPRA Paper 117551, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Mahdi Ziaei, Sayyed, 2015. "Effects of financial development indicators on energy consumption and CO2 emission of European, East Asian and Oceania countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 752-759.
    8. Kim, Dong-Hyeon & Wu, Yi-Chen & Lin, Shu-Chin, 2020. "Carbon dioxide emissions and the finance curse," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    9. Acheampong, Alex O., 2019. "Modelling for insight: Does financial development improve environmental quality?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 156-179.
    10. Xiaoxia Shi & Haiyun Liu & Joshua Sunday Riti, 2019. "The role of energy mix and financial development in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions’ reduction: evidence from ten leading CO2 emitting countries," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 36(3), pages 695-729, October.
    11. Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh & Zakaria, Muhammad & Hurr, Maryam, 2017. "Carbon emission, energy consumption, trade openness and financial development in Pakistan: A revisit," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 185-192.
    12. Selim J rgen Ergun & Maria Fernanda Rivas, 2020. "Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Uruguay using Ecological Footprint as a Measure of Environmental Degradation," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(4), pages 473-485.
    13. González Palencia, Juan C. & Furubayashi, Takaaki & Nakata, Toshihiko, 2014. "Techno-economic assessment of lightweight and zero emission vehicles deployment in the passenger car fleet of developing countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 129-142.
    14. Solarin, Sakiru Adebola & Al-Mulali, Usama & Musah, Ibrahim & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2017. "Investigating the pollution haven hypothesis in Ghana: An empirical investigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 706-719.
    15. Mohamad Taghvaee, Vahid & Seifi Aloo, Alireza & Khodaparast Shirazi, Jalil, 2016. "Energy, Environment, and Economy Interactions in Iran with Cointegrated and ECM Simultaneous Model," MPRA Paper 70508, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Nasir, Muhammad Ali & Roubaud, David, 2018. "Environmental degradation in France: The effects of FDI, financial development, and energy innovations," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 843-857.
    17. Mohamed Abdouli & Sami Hammami, 2018. "The Dynamic Links Between Environmental Quality, Foreign Direct Investment, and Economic Growth in the Middle Eastern and North African Countries (MENA Region)," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 9(3), pages 833-853, September.
    18. Vo, Long Hai & Le, Thai-Ha, 2021. "Eatery, energy, environment and economic system, 1970–2017: Understanding volatility spillover patterns in a global sample," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    19. Mirza Md Moyen Uddin, 2020. "Does financial development stimulate environmental sustainability? Evidence from a panel study of 115 countries," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(6), pages 2871-2889, September.
    20. Paramati, Sudharshan Reddy & Ummalla, Mallesh & Apergis, Nicholas, 2016. "The effect of foreign direct investment and stock market growth on clean energy use across a panel of emerging market economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 29-41.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9221-:d:994357. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.