The Transient Thermal Disturbance in Surrounding Formation during Drilling Circulation

The injecting drilling mud is typically at the ambient temperature, relatively much colder than the deep formation, inducing a cooling effect in the formation. Although the cooled formation temperature gradually returns to its original temperature after drilling circulation, the recovery speed is slow due to low thermal diffusivity. Considering that any well tests begin in a short period after drilling ends, temperature recovery is not fully achieved before the tests. It means that the measured temperature of producing fluid is not that of the actual formation, significantly impairing the robustness of the subsequent thermal applications. Furthermore, there has been no quantified concept of thermal disturbance in the formation and its analysis. In this work, a proposed numerical transient heat transfer model computes the radial temperature in the drill pipe, annulus, and formation. The concept of quantifying thermal disturbance, named thermally disturbed radius (TDR), indicates how long the thermal disturbance occurs radially in the formation. The TDR increases with the more significant temperature difference between circulating fluid and formation. Thus, the TDR appears to be the largest at the bottom-hole depth. In the sensitivity of TDR of various operational parameters, circulation time (i.e., drilling time) is the most influential factor. Meanwhile, the other parameters do not significantly affect TDR: circulation rate, injecting mud temperature, and mud density. The sensitivity analysis concludes that as long as the operators control the drilling time, the uncertainty of the measured temperature after drilling can be manageable without limiting any other operational parameters.