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Differential Capacity as a Tool for SOC and SOH Estimation of Lithium Ion Batteries Using Charge/Discharge Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Impedance Spectroscopy, and Heat Events: A Tutorial

Author

Listed:
  • Peter Kurzweil

    (Electrochemistry Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, Germany)

  • Wolfgang Scheuerpflug

    (Diehl Aerospace GmbH, Donaustraße 120, 90451 Nürnberg, Germany)

  • Bernhard Frenzel

    (Electrochemistry Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, Germany)

  • Christian Schell

    (Electrochemistry Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, Germany)

  • Josef Schottenbauer

    (Electrochemistry Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, Germany)

Abstract

State-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) of different cell chemistries were investigated using long-time cycle tests. This practical guide illustrates how differential capacity d Q /d U (capacitance) obtained from discharge curves, impedance spectra, and cyclic voltammograms can be used for the instant diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries without fully charging and discharging the cell. The increase of d U /d Q is an early indicator of upcoming heat events and deep discharge. The criterion d Q /d U = d U /d Q = 1 could serve as an indicator for “full charge”. The frequency response of capacitance correlates with the available charge of the battery and reflects overcharge events and deep discharges long before the battery fails. It is not necessary to measure down to extremely low frequencies because the charge transfer pseudocapacitance of around 10 Hz reflects well the SOC. Computer-aided calculation methods for the evaluation of measurements in industrial environments and for the training of students are presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Kurzweil & Wolfgang Scheuerpflug & Bernhard Frenzel & Christian Schell & Josef Schottenbauer, 2022. "Differential Capacity as a Tool for SOC and SOH Estimation of Lithium Ion Batteries Using Charge/Discharge Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Impedance Spectroscopy, and Heat Events: A Tutorial," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:13:p:4520-:d:844033
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhichen Xue & Nikhil Sharma & Feixiang Wu & Piero Pianetta & Feng Lin & Luxi Li & Kejie Zhao & Yijin Liu, 2023. "Asynchronous domain dynamics and equilibration in layered oxide battery cathode," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Ran Li & Hui Sun & Xue Wei & Weiwen Ta & Haiying Wang, 2022. "Lithium Battery State-of-Charge Estimation Based on AdaBoost.Rt-RNN," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-15, August.
    3. Xiaoyu Li & Chuxin Wu & Chen Fu & Shanpu Zheng & Jindong Tian, 2022. "State Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Ultrasonic Guided Wave Scanning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-19, August.

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