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Polyimide Copolymers and Nanocomposites: A Review of the Synergistic Effects of the Constituents on the Fire-Retardancy Behavior

Author

Listed:
  • Shengdong Xiao

    (Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA)

  • Caroline Akinyi

    (Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA)

  • Jimmy Longun

    (Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA)

  • Jude O. Iroh

    (Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA)

Abstract

Carbon-based polymer can catch fire when used as cathode material in batteries and supercapacitors, due to short circuiting. Polyimide is known to exhibit flame retardancy by forming char layer in condensed phase. The high char yield of polyimide is attributed to its aromatic nature and the existence of a donor–acceptor complex in its backbone. Fabrication of hybrid polyimide material can provide better protection against fire based on multiple fire-retardancy mechanisms. Nanocomposites generally show a significant enhancement in mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Nanoparticles, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, can enhance flame retardancy in condensed phase by forming a dense char layer. Silicone-based materials can also provide fire retardancy in condensed phase by a similar mechanism as polyimide. However, some inorganic fire retardants, such as phosphazene, can enhance flame retardancy in gaseous phase by releasing flame inhibiting radicals. The flame inhibiting radicals generated by phosphazene are released into the gaseous phase during combustion. A hybrid system constituted of polyimide, silicone-based additives, and phosphazene would provide significant improvement in flame retardancy in both the condensed phase and gas phase. In this review, several flame-retardant polyimide-based systems are described. This review which focuses on the various combinations of polyimide and other candidate fire-retardant materials would shed light on the nature of an effective multifunctional flame-retardant hybrid materials.

Suggested Citation

  • Shengdong Xiao & Caroline Akinyi & Jimmy Longun & Jude O. Iroh, 2022. "Polyimide Copolymers and Nanocomposites: A Review of the Synergistic Effects of the Constituents on the Fire-Retardancy Behavior," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-29, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:11:p:4014-:d:827672
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Caroline J. Akinyi & Jude O. Iroh, 2021. "Heat of Decomposition and Fire Retardant Behavior of Polyimide-Graphene Nanocomposites," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-12, July.
    2. Tianyu Zhang & Weitao Li & Kai Huang & Huazhang Guo & Zhengyuan Li & Yanbo Fang & Ram Manohar Yadav & Vesselin Shanov & Pulickel M. Ajayan & Liang Wang & Cheng Lian & Jingjie Wu, 2021. "Regulation of functional groups on graphene quantum dots directs selective CO2 to CH4 conversion," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Patricia Okafor & Jude Iroh, 2021. "Electrochemical Properties of Porous Graphene/Polyimide-Nickel Oxide Hybrid Composite Electrode Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-17, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ruchinda Gooneratne & Jude O. Iroh, 2022. "Polypyrrole Modified Carbon Nanotube/Polyimide Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors and Lithium-ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-13, December.

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