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Transformation of Sulfur during Co-Hydrothermal Carbonization of Coal Waste and Food Waste

Author

Listed:
  • Pretom Saha

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA)

  • Nepu Saha

    (Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA)

  • Shanta Mazumder

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA)

  • M. Toufiq Reza

    (Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA)

Abstract

Co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) is an emerging technology for processing multiple waste streams together to improve their fuel properties in the solid product, known as hydrochar, compared to the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of those individual streams. Sulfur is considered one of the most toxic contaminants in solid fuel and the combustion of this sulfur results in the emission of SO x . It was reported in the literature that, besides the fuel properties, Co-HTC reduced the total sulfur content in the hydrochar phase significantly. However, the transformation of different forms of sulfur has not yet been studied. Therefore, this study investigated the transformation of different forms of sulfur under the Co-HTC treatment. In the study, the Co-HTC of food waste (FW) and two types of coal wastes (middle bottom (CW1) and 4 top (CW2)) were conducted at 180 °C, 230 °C and 280 °C for 30 min. Different forms of sulfur were measured by using elemental analysis (total sulfur), and a wet chemical method (sulfate sulfur and pyritic sulfur). The organic sulfur was measured by the difference method. The results showed that a maximum of 49% and 65% decrease in total sulfur was achieved for CW1FW and CW2FW, respectively, at 230 °C. Similar to the total sulfur, the organic sulfur was also decreased about 85% and 75% for CW1FW and CW2FW, respectively. Based on these results, a sulfur transformation mechanism under Co-HTC treatment was proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Pretom Saha & Nepu Saha & Shanta Mazumder & M. Toufiq Reza, 2021. "Transformation of Sulfur during Co-Hydrothermal Carbonization of Coal Waste and Food Waste," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-8, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:8:p:2271-:d:538423
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    Cited by:

    1. Fakudze, Sandile & Wei, Yingyuan & Shang, Qianqian & Ma, Ru & Li, Yueh-Heng & Chen, Jianqiang & Zhou, Peiguo & Han, Jiangang & Liu, Chengguo, 2021. "Single-pot upgrading of run-of-mine coal and rice straw via Taguchi-optimized hydrothermal treatment: Fuel properties and synergistic effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).

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