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De-Emulsification and Gravity Separation of Micro-Emulsion Produced with Enhanced Oil Recovery Chemicals Flooding

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammad Kamal Asif Khan

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia)

  • Javed Akbar Khan

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia)

  • Habib Ullah

    (Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia)

  • Hussain H. Al-Kayiem

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia)

  • Sonny Irawan

    (School of Mining & Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City 010000, Kazakhstan)

  • Muhammad Irfan

    (Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia)

  • Adam Glowacz

    (Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Hui Liu

    (College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China)

  • Witold Glowacz

    (Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Saifur Rahman

    (Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The present study investigates the effect of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the stability of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)-produced stable emulsion. The chemical precipitation method is used to synthesize TiO 2 nanoparticles, and their properties were determined using various analytical characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The effect of TiO 2 nanoparticles is evaluated by measuring oil/water (o/w) separation, rag layer formation, oil droplet size, and zeta potential of the residual EOR produced emulsion. The laser scattering technique is used to determine the o/w separation. The results showed that spherical-shaped anatase phase TiO 2 nanoparticles were produced with an average particle size of 122 nm. The TiO 2 nanoparticles had a positive effect on o/w separation and the clarity of the separated water. The separated aqueous phases’ clarity is 75% and 45% with and without TiO 2 nanoparticles, respectively. Laser scattering analysis revealed enhanced light transmission in the presence of TiO 2 nanoparticles, suggesting higher o/w separation of the ASP-produced emulsion. The overall increase in the o/w separation was recorded to be 19% in the presence of TiO 2 nanoparticles, indicating a decrease in the stability of ASP-produced emulsion. This decrease in the stability can be attributed to the improved coalescence’ action between the adjacent oil droplets and improved behavior of o/w interfacial film. An observable difference was found between the oil droplet size before and after the addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles, where the oil droplet size increased from 3 µm to 35 µm. A similar trend of zeta potential is also noticed in the presence of TiO 2 nanoparticles. Zeta potential was −13 mV to −7 mV, which is in the unstable emulsion range. Overall, the o/w separation is enhanced by introducing TiO 2 nanoparticles into ASP-produced stable emulsion.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Kamal Asif Khan & Javed Akbar Khan & Habib Ullah & Hussain H. Al-Kayiem & Sonny Irawan & Muhammad Irfan & Adam Glowacz & Hui Liu & Witold Glowacz & Saifur Rahman, 2021. "De-Emulsification and Gravity Separation of Micro-Emulsion Produced with Enhanced Oil Recovery Chemicals Flooding," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:8:p:2249-:d:537842
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Javed Akbar Khan & Muhammad Irfan & Sonny Irawan & Fong Kam Yao & Md Shokor Abdul Rahaman & Ahmad Radzi Shahari & Adam Glowacz & Nazia Zeb, 2020. "Comparison of Machine Learning Classifiers for Accurate Prediction of Real-Time Stuck Pipe Incidents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-26, July.
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