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Hazards Generated by an LNG Road Tanker Leak: Field Investigation of Vapour Propagation under Class B Conditions of Atmospheric Stability

Author

Listed:
  • Tomasz Węsierski

    (Institute of Safety Engineering, Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Robert Piec

    (Institute of Internal Security, Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka

    (Institute of Safety Engineering, Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Bernard Król

    (Institute of Safety Engineering, Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Wiktor Gawroński

    (Faculty of Safety Engineering and Civil Protection, Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Marek Kwiatkowski

    (Faculty of Safety Engineering and Civil Protection, Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

The publication presents the results of a field test of 2–4 min releases of 96% LNG from a road tanker designed to carry the gas. The release was performed at a pressure of 5.9–6.1 atm at a discharge rate of 1.67–1.78 kg/s from a height of 0.75 m under class B conditions of atmospheric stability. Comparison of the obtained experimental results of the maximum concentrations and the simulation carried out with the EFFECS (11.2.0) software showed that the Gaussian gas model better describes the gas cloud propagation at most control points at this release intensity than the dense gas model. The dense gas model gave only slightly better results along the cloud propagation axis at close distances, not exceeding 25/30 m at ground level. It is shown that concentrations between 71% and 110% LEL are observed at the cloud visibility limit. The maximum value of the temperature drop, in the release axis, at a distance of 4 m amounts to ∆T max = 93.3 °C. This indicates that the cloud of the released LNG is almost entirely in the vapour state already in the short distance from the point of release, due to the turbulent outflow of the pressurised gas.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomasz Węsierski & Robert Piec & Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka & Bernard Król & Wiktor Gawroński & Marek Kwiatkowski, 2021. "Hazards Generated by an LNG Road Tanker Leak: Field Investigation of Vapour Propagation under Class B Conditions of Atmospheric Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:24:p:8483-:d:703470
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