IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i19p6406-d651178.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Importance of Extraction Protocol on the Analysis of Novel Waste Sources of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel T. Hickey

    (Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland)

  • Daniel J. Hayes

    (Celignis Limited, Unit 11, Holland Rd, Castletroy, Plassey, V94 7Y42 Limerick, Ireland)

  • J. Tony Pembroke

    (Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland)

  • Michael P. Ryan

    (Department of Applied Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Moylish, V94 EC5T Limerick, Ireland)

  • James J. Leahy

    (Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland)

Abstract

As the utilization and consumption of lignocellulosic biomass increases, so too will the need for an adequate supply of feedstock. To meet these needs, novel waste feedstock materials will need to be utilized. Exploitation of these novel feedstocks will require information both on the effects of solvent extraction on the succeeding analysis of potential novel feedstocks and how accurate current methodologies are in determining the composition of novel lignocellulosic feedstocks, particularly the carbohydrate and lignin fractions. In this study, the effects of solvent extraction on novel feedstocks, including tree foliage, tree bark and spent mushroom compost, with 95% ethanol, water and both sequentially were examined. Chemical analyses were carried out to determine the moisture content, ash, extractives, post-hydrolysis sugars, Klason lignin (KL) and acid-soluble lignin (ASL) within the selected feedstocks. The result of extraction could be seen most strongly for Klason lignin, with a strong association between higher levels of Klason lignin levels and greater amounts of non-removed extractives (tree foliage and bark). Higher Klason lignin levels are reported to be due the condensation of non-removed extractives during hydrolysis, hence the lower Klason lignin determinations following extraction are more exact. In addition, total sugar determinations were lower following extractions. This is because of the solubility of non-cell-wall carbohydrates; thus, the determinations following extraction are more accurate representations of structural cell-wall polysaccharides such as cellulose. Such determinations will assist in determining the best way to utilize novel feedstocks such as those analyzed in this work.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel T. Hickey & Daniel J. Hayes & J. Tony Pembroke & Michael P. Ryan & James J. Leahy, 2021. "The Importance of Extraction Protocol on the Analysis of Novel Waste Sources of Lignocellulosic Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-13, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:19:p:6406-:d:651178
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/19/6406/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/19/6406/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Naik, S.N. & Goud, Vaibhav V. & Rout, Prasant K. & Dalai, Ajay K., 2010. "Production of first and second generation biofuels: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 578-597, February.
    2. Daniel J. M. Hayes, 2013. "Second-generation biofuels: why they are taking so long," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 2(3), pages 304-334, May.
    3. Hassan, Shady S. & Williams, Gwilym A. & Jaiswal, Amit K., 2019. "Moving towards the second generation of lignocellulosic biorefineries in the EU: Drivers, challenges, and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 590-599.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kargbo, Hannah & Harris, Jonathan Stuart & Phan, Anh N., 2021. "“Drop-in” fuel production from biomass: Critical review on techno-economic feasibility and sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    2. Melts, Indrek & Ivask, Mari & Geetha, Mohan & Takeuchi, Kazuhiko & Heinsoo, Katrin, 2019. "Combining bioenergy and nature conservation: An example in wetlands," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 293-302.
    3. Avelino Gonçalves, Fabiano & dos Santos, Everaldo Silvino & de Macedo, Gorete Ribeiro, 2015. "Use of cultivars of low cost, agroindustrial and urban waste in the production of cellulosic ethanol in Brazil: A proposal to utilization of microdistillery," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1287-1303.
    4. Silvio Matassa & Giovanni Esposito & Francesco Pirozzi & Stefano Papirio, 2020. "Exploring the Biomethane Potential of Different Industrial Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Biomass Residues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-13, July.
    5. Jagtap, Sharad P. & Pawar, Anand N. & Lahane, Subhash, 2020. "Improving the usability of biodiesel blend in low heat rejection diesel engine through combustion, performance and emission analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 628-644.
    6. Filimonau, Viachaslau & Högström, Michaela, 2017. "The attitudes of UK tourists to the use of biofuels in civil aviation: An exploratory study," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 84-94.
    7. Atadashi, I.M. & Aroua, M.K. & Abdul Aziz, A.R. & Sulaiman, N.M.N., 2011. "Membrane biodiesel production and refining technology: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 5051-5062.
    8. Bharathiraja, B. & Jayamuthunagai, J. & Sudharsanaa, T. & Bharghavi, A. & Praveenkumar, R. & Chakravarthy, M. & Yuvaraj, D., 2017. "Biobutanol – An impending biofuel for future: A review on upstream and downstream processing tecniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 788-807.
    9. Geraili, A. & Sharma, P. & Romagnoli, J.A., 2014. "Technology analysis of integrated biorefineries through process simulation and hybrid optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 145-159.
    10. Mao, Guozhu & Zou, Hongyang & Chen, Guanyi & Du, Huibin & Zuo, Jian, 2015. "Past, current and future of biomass energy research: A bibliometric analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1823-1833.
    11. Marietta Markiewicz & Łukasz Muślewski, 2019. "The Impact of Powering an Engine with Fuels from Renewable Energy Sources including its Software Modification on a Drive Unit Performance Parameters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-16, November.
    12. Bergthorson, Jeffrey M. & Thomson, Murray J., 2015. "A review of the combustion and emissions properties of advanced transportation biofuels and their impact on existing and future engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1393-1417.
    13. Rodriguez, Cristina & Alaswad, A. & Benyounis, K.Y. & Olabi, A.G., 2017. "Pretreatment techniques used in biogas production from grass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 1193-1204.
    14. Iraklis Zahos-Siagos & Vlasios Karathanassis & Dimitrios Karonis, 2018. "Exhaust Emissions and Physicochemical Properties of n -Butanol/Diesel Blends with 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate (EHN) or Hydrotreated Used Cooking Oil (HUCO) as Cetane Improvers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, December.
    15. Navas-Anguita, Zaira & García-Gusano, Diego & Iribarren, Diego, 2019. "A review of techno-economic data for road transportation fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 11-26.
    16. Goh, Brandon Han Hoe & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Cheah, Mei Yee & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Yu, Kai Ling & Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, 2019. "Sustainability of direct biodiesel synthesis from microalgae biomass: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 59-74.
    17. Phanankosi Moyo & Mahluli Moyo & Donatus Dube & Oswell Rusinga, 2013. "Biofuel Policy as a Key Driver for Sustainable Development in the Biofuel Sector: The Missing Ingredient in Zimbabwe’s Biofuel Pursuit," Modern Applied Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(1), pages 1-36, February.
    18. Ko, Ja Kyong & Lee, Jae Hoon & Jung, Je Hyeong & Lee, Sun-Mi, 2020. "Recent advances and future directions in plant and yeast engineering to improve lignocellulosic biofuel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    19. Hívila M. P. Marreiro & Rogério S. Peruchi & Riuzuani M. B. P. Lopes & Silvia L. F. Andersen & Sayonara A. Eliziário & Paulo Rotella Junior, 2021. "Empirical Studies on Biomass Briquette Production: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-40, December.
    20. Vladimir Heredia & Olivier Gonçalves & Luc Marchal & Jeremy Pruvost, 2021. "Producing Energy-Rich Microalgae Biomass for Liquid Biofuels: Influence of Strain Selection and Culture Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-15, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:19:p:6406-:d:651178. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.