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Analysis of Spatial Effects in the Relationship between CO 2 Emissions and Renewable Energy Consumption in the Context of Economic Growth

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  • Mateusz Jankiewicz

    (Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland)

  • Elżbieta Szulc

    (Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland)

Abstract

The paper presents a spatial approach to the analysis of the relationship between air pollution, economic growth, and renewable energy consumption. The economic growth of every country is based on the energy consumption that leads to an increase in national productivity. Using renewable energy is very important for the environmental protection and security of the earth’s resources. Promoting environmentally friendly operations increases awareness of sustainable development, which is currently a major concern of state governments. In this study, we explored the influence of economic growth and the share of renewable energy out of total energy consumption on CO 2 emissions. The study was based on the classical environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and enriched with the spatial dependencies. In particular, we determined the spatial spillovers in the form of the indirect effects of changes in renewable energy consumption of a specific country on the CO 2 emissions of neighboring countries. A neighborhood in this study was defined by ecological development similarity. The neighborhood matrix was constructed based on the values of the ecological footprint measure. We used the spatio-temporal Durbin model, with which the indirect effects were determined in relation to the spatially lagged renewable energy consumption. The results of our study also show the strength of the effects caused by imitating actions from the states with high levels of environmental protection. The study was conducted using data for 75 selected countries from the period of 2013–2019. Cumulative spatial and spatio-temporal effects allowed us to determine (1) the countries with the greatest impact on others and (2) the countries that follow the leading ones.

Suggested Citation

  • Mateusz Jankiewicz & Elżbieta Szulc, 2021. "Analysis of Spatial Effects in the Relationship between CO 2 Emissions and Renewable Energy Consumption in the Context of Economic Growth," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5829-:d:635870
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    Cited by:

    1. Najia Saqib & Ivan A. Duran & Ilhan Ozturk, 2023. "Unraveling the Interrelationship of Digitalization, Renewable Energy, and Ecological Footprints within the EKC Framework: Empirical Insights from the United States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, July.
    2. Mateusz Jankiewicz, 2021. "The Convergence of Energy Use from Renewable Sources in the European Countries: Spatio-Temporal Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Michał Bernard Pietrzak & Marta Kuc-Czarnecka, 2022. "Transformation of Energy Markets: Description, Modeling of Functioning Mechanisms and Determining Development Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-6, July.

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