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Is Secure Communication in the R2I (Robot-to-Infrastructure) Model Possible? Identification of Threats

Author

Listed:
  • Karolina Krzykowska-Piotrowska

    (Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Ewa Dudek

    (Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Mirosław Siergiejczyk

    (Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Adam Rosiński

    (Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Wojciech Wawrzyński

    (Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

The increase in the role of companion robots in everyday life is inevitable, and their safe communication with the infrastructure is one of the fundamental challenges faced by designers. There are many challenges in the robot’s communication with the environment, widely described in the literature on the subject. The threats that scientists believe have the most significant impact on the robot’s communication include denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, satellite signal spoofing, external eavesdropping, spamming, broadcast tampering, and man-in-the-middle attacks. In this article, the authors attempted to identify communication threats in the new robot-to-infrastructure (R2I) model based on available solutions used in transport, e.g., vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), taking into account the threats already known affecting the robot’s sensory systems. For this purpose, all threats that may occur in the robot’s communication with the environment were analyzed. Then the risk analysis was carried out, determining, in turn, the likelihood of potential threats occurrence, their consequence, and ability of detection. Finally, specific methods of responding to the occurring threats are proposed, taking into account cybersecurity aspects. A critical new approach is the proposal to use communication and protocols so far dedicated to transport (IEEE 802.11p WAVE, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC)). Then, the companion’s robot should be treated as a pedestrian and some of its sensors as an active smartphone.

Suggested Citation

  • Karolina Krzykowska-Piotrowska & Ewa Dudek & Mirosław Siergiejczyk & Adam Rosiński & Wojciech Wawrzyński, 2021. "Is Secure Communication in the R2I (Robot-to-Infrastructure) Model Possible? Identification of Threats," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-23, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:15:p:4702-:d:607566
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ewa DUDEK & Karolina KRZYKOWSKA-PIOTROWSKA & Mirosław SIERGIEJCZYK, 2020. "Risk Management In (Air) Transport With Exemplary Risk Analysis Based On The Tolerability Matrix," Transport Problems, Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Transport, vol. 15(2), pages 143-156, June.
    2. Maide Bucolo & Arturo Buscarino & Luigi Fortuna & Salvina Gagliano, 2020. "Force Feedback Assistance in Remote Ultrasound Scan Procedures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Piotr Kędziorek & Zbigniew Kasprzyk & Mariusz Rychlicki & Adam Rosiński, 2023. "Analysis and Evaluation of Methods Used in Measuring the Intensity of Bicycle Traffic," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Jarosław Łukasiak & Adam Rosiński & Michał Wiśnios, 2021. "The Impact of Temperature of the Tripping Thresholds of Intrusion Detection System Detection Circuits," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Karolina Krzykowska-Piotrowska & Mirosław Siergiejczyk, 2022. "On the Navigation, Positioning and Wireless Communication of the Companion Robot in Outdoor Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-4, July.
    4. Stanisław Duer & Krzysztof Rokosz & Konrad Zajkowski & Dariusz Bernatowicz & Arkadiusz Ostrowski & Marek Woźniak & Atif Iqbal, 2022. "Intelligent Systems Supporting the Use of Energy Devices and Other Complex Technical Objects: Modeling, Testing, and Analysis of Their Reliability in the Operating Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-6, September.

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