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Brittle Creep and Viscoelastic Creep in Lower Palaeozoic Shales from the Baltic Basin, Poland

Author

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  • Przemyslaw Michal Wilczynski

    (Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93 Str., 02-089 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Andrzej Domonik

    (Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93 Str., 02-089 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Pawel Lukaszewski

    (Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93 Str., 02-089 Warszawa, Poland)

Abstract

The paper analyses the mechanical properties of shales from the Baltic Basin, focusing on creep strain in conditions of variable stress and elevated temperature (85 °C). Rock samples were collected from drill cores from various depths between 3600–4000 m. A series of creep tests was performed using a triaxial apparatus in simulated pressure and temperature conditions in the reservoir. The creep tests were conducted at variable levels of differential stress in variable time intervals. The laboratory experiments were performed in order to study brittle and viscoelastic creep proceeding in time in shales rich in organic matter and clay minerals. Creep compliance of shale formations rich in organic matter influences the success of hydraulic fracturing procedures, as well as migration of natural gas during exploitation. Laboratory characteristics of geomechanical properties (compressive strength, strain and elastic moduli) is crucial for planning natural gas exploitation from unconventional resources. The results indicate that the level of constant differential stress and creep time significantly influence the mechanical properties of shales. The paper presents the differences between brittle and viscoelastic strain registered during creep tests at variable stress conditions and time intervals. In viscoelastic creep tests, creep strain is over two times larger in the second stage of creep in comparison to the magnitude of strain registered in the first stage. In brittle creep tests, axial strain in the first creep stage is two times larger than in viscoelastic creep tests in the second stage. Based on the experiments, elastic parameters, i.e., Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, have been determined for each of the analysed samples. In brittle creep tests, Young’s modulus is smaller than in viscoelastic creep tests. In viscoelastic creep tests Young’s modulus increases in successive stages. Whereas Poisson’s ratio is larger for samples from brittle creep tests than for samples from viscoelastic creep tests and does not change with subsequent creep stages in viscoelastic creep tests.

Suggested Citation

  • Przemyslaw Michal Wilczynski & Andrzej Domonik & Pawel Lukaszewski, 2021. "Brittle Creep and Viscoelastic Creep in Lower Palaeozoic Shales from the Baltic Basin, Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-22, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:15:p:4633-:d:605375
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Przemyslaw Michal Wilczynski & Andrzej Domonik & Pawel Lukaszewski, 2021. "Anisotropy of Strength and Elastic Properties of Lower Paleozoic Shales from the Baltic Basin, Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-17, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Huichen Xu & Xiaoming Sun & Yong Zhang & Chengwei Zhao & Chengyu Miao & Dong Wang, 2023. "Creep Characteristics of Layered Rock Masses after Water Absorption Due to Structural Effects," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Chenhong Zhu & J. G. Wang & Na Xu & Wei Liang & Bowen Hu & Peibo Li, 2022. "A Combination Approach of the Numerical Simulation and Data-Driven Analysis for the Impacts of Refracturing Layout and Time on Shale Gas Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-30, December.
    3. Xuhua Gao & Junhong Yu & Xinchun Shang & Weiyao Zhu, 2023. "Investigation on Nonlinear Behaviors of Seepage in Deep Shale Gas Reservoir with Viscoelasticity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-23, August.

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