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A Comprehensive Analysis of Energy and Daylighting Impact of Window Shading Systems and Control Strategies on Commercial Buildings in the United States

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Listed:
  • Niraj Kunwar

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA)

  • Mahabir Bhandari

    (Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN 37831, USA)

Abstract

Commercial buildings consume approximately 1.9 EJ of energy in the United States, 50% of which is for heating, cooling, and lighting applications. It is estimated that windows contribute up to 34% of the energy used for heating and cooling. However, window retrofits are not often undertaken to increase energy efficiency because of the high cost and disruptive nature of window installation. Highly efficient window technologies would also need shading devices for glare prevention and visual comfort. An automated window shading system with an appropriate control strategy is a technology that can reduce energy demand, maintain occupant comfort, and enhance the aesthetics and privacy of the built environment. However, the benefits of the automated shades currently used by the shading industry are not well studied. The topic merits an analysis that will help building owners, designers and engineers, and utilities make informed decisions using knowledge of the impact of this technology on energy consumption, peak demand, daylighting, and occupant comfort. This study uses integrated daylight and whole-building energy simulation to evaluate the performance of various control strategies that the shading industry uses in commercial office buildings. The analysis was performed for three different vintages of medium office buildings at six different locations in United States. The results obtained show the control strategies enabled cooling energy savings of up to 40% using exterior shading, and lighting energy savings of up to 25%. The control strategies described can help building engineers and researchers explore different control methods used to control shading in actual buildings but rarely discussed in the literature. This information will give researchers the opportunity to investigate potential improvements in current technologies and their performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Niraj Kunwar & Mahabir Bhandari, 2020. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Energy and Daylighting Impact of Window Shading Systems and Control Strategies on Commercial Buildings in the United States," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:9:p:2401-:d:356764
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sun, Yanyi & Wu, Yupeng & Wilson, Robin, 2018. "A review of thermal and optical characterisation of complex window systems and their building performance prediction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 729-747.
    2. Tian, Cheng & Chen, Tingyao & Chung, Tse-ming, 2014. "Experimental and simulating examination of computer tools, Radlink and DOE2, for daylighting and energy simulation with venetian blinds," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 130-139.
    3. Bustamante, Waldo & Uribe, Daniel & Vera, Sergio & Molina, Germán, 2017. "An integrated thermal and lighting simulation tool to support the design process of complex fenestration systems for office buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 36-48.
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    Cited by:

    1. Seyedeh Farzaneh Mousavi Motlagh & Ali Sohani & Mohammad Djavad Saghafi & Hoseyn Sayyaadi & Benedetto Nastasi, 2021. "Acquiring the Foremost Window Allocation Strategy to Achieve the Best Trade-Off among Energy, Environmental, and Comfort Criteria in a Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-24, July.
    2. Van Thillo, L. & Verbeke, S. & Audenaert, A., 2022. "The potential of building automation and control systems to lower the energy demand in residential buildings: A review of their performance and influencing parameters," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).

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