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A Review on Real-Size Epoxy Cast Resin Insulators for Compact High Voltage Direct Current Gas Insulated Switchgears (GIS) and Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL)—Current Achievements and Envisaged Research and Development

Author

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  • Nabila Zebouchi

    (Advanced High Voltage Engineering Research Centre, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK)

  • Manu. A. Haddad

    (Advanced High Voltage Engineering Research Centre, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK)

Abstract

Due to the ever-increasing demand for electricity in the one hand and the environmental constraints to use clean energy on the other hand, the global production of energy from remote renewable sources, particularly from large hydropower plants and offshore wind farms and their connection to the grid are expected to grow significantly in the future. Consequently, the demand to carry this electric power by high voltage direct current (HVDC) technology will increase too. The most suitable HVDC power transmission technology to deliver large amounts of power, exceeding a capacity of 5 GW per bipolar system over long distances with lower losses is by using compact HVDC gas insulated transmission lines (DC GIL) and gas insulated switchgears (DC GIS) with rated voltage (maximum continuous operating voltage) of ±550 kV and 5000 A which are presently under development worldwide. Among the critical challenges for the development of these HVDC gas insulated systems, there are the epoxy cast resin insulators that are used to separate gas compartments also called spacers. Indeed, thorough research studies have been and still being carried out to well understand and clarify the electrical insulation characteristics of HVDC spacers using mainly cylindrical samples and small insulator models, where useful results have been obtained and proposed for implementation in real compact gas insulated systems. However, few practical investigations have been undertaken on real size spacers (product scale) to verify such research outcomes and validate the reliability of the spacers to collect experiences or for commercial use. This paper reviews the current achievements of real size HVDC spacers development. It describes the basic electric field calculation and spacers design, the verification of the insulation performance and validation testing. It gives today’s commercially available compact HVDC GIS/GIL and finally it presents the envisaged future research and development.

Suggested Citation

  • Nabila Zebouchi & Manu. A. Haddad, 2020. "A Review on Real-Size Epoxy Cast Resin Insulators for Compact High Voltage Direct Current Gas Insulated Switchgears (GIS) and Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL)—Current Achievements and Envisaged ," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-25, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:23:p:6416-:d:456985
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    1. Nabila Zebouchi & Haoluan Li & Manu A. Haddad, 2020. "Development of Future Compact and Eco-Friendly HVDC Gas-Insulated Systems: Shape Optimization of a DC Spacer Model and Novel Materials Investigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-14, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Haoluan Li & Nabila Zebouchi & Manu Haddad & Alistair Reid & Egbert Ekkel, 2022. "Development of Future Compact and Eco-Friendly HVDC Gas Insulated Systems: Test Verification of Shape-Optimized DC Spacer Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-11, November.

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    1. Haoluan Li & Nabila Zebouchi & Manu Haddad & Alistair Reid & Egbert Ekkel, 2022. "Development of Future Compact and Eco-Friendly HVDC Gas Insulated Systems: Test Verification of Shape-Optimized DC Spacer Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-11, November.
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