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Hierarchical, Grid-Aware, and Economically Optimal Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Realistic Distribution Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Mads Almassalkhi

    (Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Sarnaduti Brahma

    (Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Nawaf Nazir

    (Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Hamid Ossareh

    (Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Pavan Racherla

    (Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Soumya Kundu

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Electricity Infrastructure and Buildings Division, Richland, WA 99352, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Sai Pushpak Nandanoori

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Electricity Infrastructure and Buildings Division, Richland, WA 99352, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Thiagarajan Ramachandran

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Electricity Infrastructure and Buildings Division, Richland, WA 99352, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Ankit Singhal

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Electricity Infrastructure and Buildings Division, Richland, WA 99352, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Dennice Gayme

    (Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Chengda Ji

    (Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Enrique Mallada

    (Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Yue Shen

    (Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Pengcheng You

    (Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

  • Dhananjay Anand

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Smart Grid Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed alphabetically within each affiliation.)

Abstract

Renewable portfolio standards are targeting high levels of variable solar photovoltaics (PV) in electric distribution systems, which makes reliability more challenging to maintain for distribution system operators (DSOs). Distributed energy resources (DERs), including smart, connected appliances and PV inverters, represent responsive grid resources that can provide flexibility to support the DSO in actively managing their networks to facilitate reliability under extreme levels of solar PV. This flexibility can also be used to optimize system operations with respect to economic signals from wholesale energy and ancillary service markets. Here, we present a novel hierarchical scheme that actively controls behind-the-meter DERs to reliably manage each unbalanced distribution feeder and exploits the available flexibility to ensure reliable operation and economically optimizes the entire distribution network. Each layer of the scheme employs advanced optimization methods at different timescales to ensure that the system operates within both grid and device limits. The hierarchy is validated in a large-scale realistic simulation based on data from the industry. Simulation results show that coordination of flexibility improves both system reliability and economics, and enables greater penetration of solar PV. Discussion is also provided on the practical viability of the required communications and controls to implement the presented scheme within a large DSO.

Suggested Citation

  • Mads Almassalkhi & Sarnaduti Brahma & Nawaf Nazir & Hamid Ossareh & Pavan Racherla & Soumya Kundu & Sai Pushpak Nandanoori & Thiagarajan Ramachandran & Ankit Singhal & Dennice Gayme & Chengda Ji & Enr, 2020. "Hierarchical, Grid-Aware, and Economically Optimal Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Realistic Distribution Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-40, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:23:p:6399-:d:455743
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jiao, Feixiang & Ji, Chengda & Zou, Yuan & Zhang, Xudong, 2021. "Tri-stage optimal dispatch for a microgrid in the presence of uncertainties introduced by EVs and PV," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    2. Zachary Michael Isaac Gould & Vikram Mohanty & Georg Reichard & Walid Saad & Tripp Shealy & Susan Day, 2023. "A Mycorrhizal Model for Transactive Solar Energy Markets with Battery Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-19, May.

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