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The Impact of PLL Dynamics on the Low Inertia Power Grid: A Case Study of Bonaire Island Power System

Author

Listed:
  • Yin Sun

    (Electrical Energy System, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
    Group Technology Research, DNV GL, 6812AR Arnhem, The Netherlands)

  • E. C. W. (Erik) de Jong

    (Electrical Energy System, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
    Group Technology Research, DNV GL, 6812AR Arnhem, The Netherlands)

  • Xiongfei Wang

    (Energy Technology Department, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Dongsheng Yang

    (Energy Technology Department, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Frede Blaabjerg

    (Energy Technology Department, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Vladimir Cuk

    (Electrical Energy System, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

  • J. F. G. (Sjef) Cobben

    (Electrical Energy System, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
    Strategy Consulting, Asset Management, Alliander, 6912RR Duiven, The Netherlands)

Abstract

To prepare for the future high penetration level of renewable energy sources, the power grid’s technical boundaries/constraints for the correct operation of powerelectronics interfaced devices need to be further examined and defined. This paper investigates the challenge of integrating Voltage Source Converters (VSC) into low inertia power grids, where the system frequency can vary rapidly due to the low kinetic energy buffer available, which used to be provided by the rotational inertia of synchronous generators. The impact of rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) on the PLL dynamics and its subsequent influence on the VSC power stage output is explained. The Bonaire island network is presented as case study. The performance of the VSC is analyzed under a fast ROCOF event, which is triggered by a short circuit fault. A down-scaled experiment is used to validate the Bonaire island network simulation results. It shows that the phase angle error measured by the synchronous-reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) is proportional to the slope of the ROCOF and inversely proportional to its controller integral gain constant.

Suggested Citation

  • Yin Sun & E. C. W. (Erik) de Jong & Xiongfei Wang & Dongsheng Yang & Frede Blaabjerg & Vladimir Cuk & J. F. G. (Sjef) Cobben, 2019. "The Impact of PLL Dynamics on the Low Inertia Power Grid: A Case Study of Bonaire Island Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:7:p:1259-:d:219118
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Clint Z. Ally & Erik C. W. de Jong, 2021. "Obtaining Robust Performance of a Current fed Voltage Source Inverter for Virtual Inertia Response in a Low Short Circuit Ratio Condition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-18, September.
    2. Jihed Hmad & Azeddine Houari & Allal El Moubarek Bouzid & Abdelhakim Saim & Hafedh Trabelsi, 2023. "A Review on Mode Transition Strategies between Grid-Connected and Standalone Operation of Voltage Source Inverters-Based Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-41, June.
    3. Moath Alqatamin & Michael L. McIntyre, 2022. "Nonlinear Self-Synchronizing Current Control for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-17, July.
    4. Dai Orihara & Hiroshi Kikusato & Jun Hashimoto & Kenji Otani & Takahiro Takamatsu & Takashi Oozeki & Hisao Taoka & Takahiro Matsuura & Satoshi Miyazaki & Hiromu Hamada & Kenjiro Mori, 2021. "Contribution of Voltage Support Function to Virtual Inertia Control Performance of Inverter-Based Resource in Frequency Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-16, July.
    5. Teuvo Suntio & Tuomas Messo, 2019. "Power Electronics in Renewable Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-5, May.
    6. Lasantha Meegahapola & Pierluigi Mancarella & Damian Flynn & Rodrigo Moreno, 2021. "Power system stability in the transition to a low carbon grid: A techno‐economic perspective on challenges and opportunities," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 10(5), September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ROCOF; PLL; error; low inertia; VSC;
    All these keywords.

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