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Characterizing Flexoelectricity in Composite Material Using the Element-Free Galerkin Method

Author

Listed:
  • Bo He

    (College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
    Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 11, 30167 Hannover, Germany)

  • Brahmanandam Javvaji

    (Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 11, 30167 Hannover, Germany)

  • Xiaoying Zhuang

    (Division of Computational Mechanics, Ton Duc Thang University, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
    Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam)

Abstract

This study employs the Element-Free Galerkin method (EFG) to characterize flexoelectricity in a composite material. The presence of the strain gradient term in the Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) requires C 1 continuity to describe the electromechanical coupling. The use of quartic weight functions in the developed model fulfills this prerequisite. We report the generation of electric polarization in a non-piezoelectric composite material through the inclusion-induced strain gradient field. The level set technique associated with the model supervises the weak discontinuity between the inclusion and matrix. The increased area ratio between the inclusion and matrix is found to improve the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy. The electromechanical coupling is enhanced when using softer materials for the embedding inclusions.

Suggested Citation

  • Bo He & Brahmanandam Javvaji & Xiaoying Zhuang, 2019. "Characterizing Flexoelectricity in Composite Material Using the Element-Free Galerkin Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:2:p:271-:d:198254
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chen, Jiayu & Qiu, Qiwen & Han, Yilong & Lau, Denvid, 2019. "Piezoelectric materials for sustainable building structures: Fundamentals and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 14-25.
    2. Nguyen, Vinh Phu & Anitescu, Cosmin & Bordas, Stéphane P.A. & Rabczuk, Timon, 2015. "Isogeometric analysis: An overview and computer implementation aspects," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 89-116.
    3. Nguyen, Vinh Phu & Rabczuk, Timon & Bordas, Stéphane & Duflot, Marc, 2008. "Meshless methods: A review and computer implementation aspects," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 79(3), pages 763-813.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaoying Zhuang & Binh Huy Nguyen & Subbiah Srivilliputtur Nanthakumar & Thai Quoc Tran & Naif Alajlan & Timon Rabczuk, 2020. "Computational Modeling of Flexoelectricity—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-29, March.
    2. Vijaya Kumar Jonnalagadda & Narasimhulu Tammminana & Raja Rao Guntu & Surender Reddy Salkuti, 2023. "Performance Analysis of Conventional IPMSM and NCPM Based IPMSM," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-19, September.

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