Stationary-Frame Modeling of VSC Based on Current-Balancing Driven Internal Voltage Motion for Current Control Timescale Dynamic Analysis

High-frequency oscillations caused by voltage source converters (VSCs) are constantly emerging in power systems with the increasing penetration of renewable energies. VSC models in current control timescale play a pivotal role in the analysis of these oscillation issues. Conventional VSC models show few physical mechanisms of VSC dynamics during system oscillations. Hence, this paper proposes a VSC model from the viewpoint of its internal voltage (namely, VSC output voltage), which is driven by current balancing between the current reference and the feedback in a stationary frame. The proposed model can be used to study VSC dynamic characteristics in an intuitionistic physical way. Based on the proposed model, it is found that VSC current reference in a stationary frame varies with internal voltage dynamic due to the essence of active and reactive current control in a current control timescale. Additionally, in a stationary frame, the dynamic relation between internal voltage and error current embodies a generalized integrating characteristic with adaptable center frequency determined by a phase-locked loop, which guarantees the zero steady state error of VSC current control. Comparisons of simulations between the proposed model and a switch-based model validates the effectiveness of the proposed model.