The Importance of Investing in the First 1000 Days of Life: Evidence and Policy Options

The first 1000 days of life starts from conception to a child’s second birthday. Research suggests that the period is critical for cognitive, physical, and emotional development. Investments in maternal and child healthcare during this period have a profound impact on long-term health, educational attainment, and economic productivity. This study examined the impact of such investments on child health outcomes in Kenya, using data from the 2015/2016 Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey (KIHBS). Key areas of focus included maternal healthcare, early antenatal care, skilled delivery, exclusive breastfeeding, proper weaning practices, immunization, and the timely treatment of childhood illnesses. Using the Cox regression hazard model, the study revealed that twins faced a higher risk of mortality compared to single births, while firstborns were less likely to die before their fifth birthday; larger household sizes were associated with reduced child mortality, and children in female-headed households had a lower likelihood of dying, likely due to better adherence to proper health and nutritional practices. Maternal health conditions, the place of delivery, and assistance during childbirth significantly influenced survival, with government health facility deliveries yielding better outcomes than homebirths. This study emphasizes the importance of educating pregnant women and mothers on health risks and public health protocols during this critical period. Strengthening healthcare systems and promoting equitable access to essential services during the first 1000 days could improve child survival rates and enhance long-term economic productivity.