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Employment Subsidies and Job Insertion of Higher Education Graduates in the Labor Market

Author

Listed:
  • Anis Khayati

    (Department of Economics & Finance, College of Business, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain)

  • Umme Hani

    (Department of Finance, College of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Medina 93499, Saudi Arabia)

  • Md Shabbir Alam

    (Department of Economics & Finance, College of Business, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain)

  • Nadia Sha

    (Department of Finance and Economics, College of Commerce and Business Administration, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman)

  • Chokri Terzi

    (Quantitative Methods Department, Faculty of Economics and Management of Nabeul, Carthage University, Carthage 1054, Tunisia
    Laboratory of Industrial Economics and Management, École Polytechnique de Tunisie, Carthage University, Tunis 2078, Tunisia)

Abstract

This paper uses data from the 24 governorates in Tunisia over the period 2012–2020 to study the relationship between job insertion of higher education graduates into the formal labor market and a number of independent variables, namely active labor supply, labor demand, an active labor market policy program (named the CIVP program), and the waiting time for job insertion. The balanced panel, which includes 216 observations for each variable, was the basis of different tests and estimations. The results of the tests allowed the assessment of a fixed effects model and a long-term relationship using FMOLS and VECM models. Results show that, in the long term, active labor supply and the CIVP program have positive effects on the job insertion of higher education graduates. In contrast, the results in the short term do not appear significant, with a negative effect of the CIVP program that reflects the fact that companies exploit most of the benefits of this wage subsidy program on job insertion before final recruitment. Using the ARDL model, the individual results by governate show specific differences across areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Anis Khayati & Umme Hani & Md Shabbir Alam & Nadia Sha & Chokri Terzi, 2024. "Employment Subsidies and Job Insertion of Higher Education Graduates in the Labor Market," Economies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:12:y:2024:i:11:p:297-:d:1509930
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Klarin Tomislav, 2018. "The Concept of Sustainable Development: From its Beginning to the Contemporary Issues," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, vol. 21(1), pages 67-94, May.
    2. Aymen Belgacem & Jérôme Vacher, 2023. "Why Is Tunisia’s Unemployment So High? Evidence From Policy Factors," IMF Working Papers 2023/219, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Michael Redclift, 2018. "Sustainable Development in the Age of Contradictions," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 49(3), pages 695-707, May.
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