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Does Land Use and Landscape Contribute to Self-Harm? A Sustainability Cities Framework

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Listed:
  • Eric Vaz

    (Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada)

  • Richard Ross Shaker

    (Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada)

  • Michael D. Cusimano

    (Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada)

  • Luis Loures

    (Research Center for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre (IPP), 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal
    Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-Being, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal)

  • Jamal Jokar Arsanjani

    (Geoinformatics Research Group, Department of Planning and Development, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 Copenhagen, Denmark)

Abstract

Self-harm has become one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries. The overall rate for suicide in Canada is 11.3 per 100,000 according to Statistics Canada in 2015. Between 2000 and 2007 the lowest rates of suicide in Canada were in Ontario, one of the most urbanized regions in Canada. However, the interaction between land use, landscape and self-harm has not been significantly studied for urban cores. It is thus of relevance to understand the impacts of land-use and landscape on suicidal behavior. This paper takes a spatial analytical approach to assess the occurrence of self-harm along one of the densest urban cores in the country: Toronto. Individual self-harm data was gathered by the National Ambulatory Care System (NACRS) and geocoded into census tract divisions. Toronto’s urban landscape is quantified at spatial level through the calculation of its land use at different levels: (i) land use type, (ii) sprawl metrics relating to (a) dispersion and (b) sprawl/mix incidence; (iii) fragmentation metrics of (a) urban fragmentation and (b) density and (iv) demographics of (a) income and (b) age. A stepwise regression is built to understand the most influential factors leading to self-harm from this selection generating an explanatory model.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Vaz & Richard Ross Shaker & Michael D. Cusimano & Luis Loures & Jamal Jokar Arsanjani, 2020. "Does Land Use and Landscape Contribute to Self-Harm? A Sustainability Cities Framework," Data, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jdataj:v:5:y:2020:i:1:p:9-:d:311526
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Dominique Moran & Jacob A. Jordaan & Phil I. Jones, 2024. "Toxic Prisons? Local Environmental Quality and the Wellbeing of Incarcerated Populations," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, February.

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