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Insights into the Adsorption of Cr(VI) on Activated Carbon Prepared from Walnut Shells: Combining Response Surface Methodology with Computational Calculation

Author

Listed:
  • Hicham Yazid

    (Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco)

  • Taoufiq Bouzid

    (Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco)

  • El mountassir El mouchtari

    (Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco
    Département de Chimie et Environnement, FST Béni Mellal, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, BP 523, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco)

  • Lahoucine Bahsis

    (Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco)

  • Mamoune El Himri

    (Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco)

  • Salah Rafqah

    (Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco)

  • Mohammadine El haddad

    (Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM), Department Chimie—Faculty Poly Disciplinary of Safi (FPS), BP 4162, Safi 46000, Morocco)

Abstract

Walnut shells were used to produce highly microporous activated carbon. The prepared activated walnut shells were found to be an efficient adsorbent for removing Cr(VI). The study used the response surface methodology to investigate four independent variables effect: Cr(VI) concentration, pH, AC-Ws dose, and temperature on the Cr(VI) removal efficiency, which was studied in the concentration range of 0.1 to 0.3 g/L, 4 to 10, 15 to 35 °C and 1 to 5 mg/L, respectively. Through experiments designed, the optimum conditions were determined to be 4, 0.23 g/L, 298 k, and 2 g/L, respectively. At these conditions, the efficiency of removal was found to be 93%. The thermodynamic study of the adsorption process showed a spontaneous and exothermic nature. The kinetic model that explains the experimental data is the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model was estimated to be an excellent representation of the equilibrium data. Quantum calculations and NCI analyses were also performed to get more light on the adsorption mechanism of the Cr(VI) atom and its complex form on the prepared AC-Ws surface.

Suggested Citation

  • Hicham Yazid & Taoufiq Bouzid & El mountassir El mouchtari & Lahoucine Bahsis & Mamoune El Himri & Salah Rafqah & Mohammadine El haddad, 2024. "Insights into the Adsorption of Cr(VI) on Activated Carbon Prepared from Walnut Shells: Combining Response Surface Methodology with Computational Calculation," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-22, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:6:y:2024:i:1:p:12-220:d:1346013
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