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Emerging Concepts on the Role of ADP-Ribosylation

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  • Palmiro Poltronieri

    (Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, CNR-ISPA, Ecotekne, via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni km 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

Abstract

NAD + has emerged as a crucial element in both bioenergetic and signaling pathways, since it acts as a key regulator of cellular and organism homeostasis. NAD + is a coenzyme in redox reactions, a donor of adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADPr) moieties in ADP-ribosylation reactions, and a substrate for sirtuins, a group of histone deacetylase enzymes that use NAD + to remove acetyl groups from proteins. NAD + is also a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose, a second messenger in the release and signaling of Ca ++ , and of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and oligoadenylates (oligo2′-5′A)—two immune response-activating compounds. In the biological systems considered in this review, NAD + is mostly consumed in ADP-ribose (ADPr) transfer reactions. In this review, the roles of these chemical products are discussed in biological systems, such as in animals, plants, fungi and bacteria. In the review, ADP-ribosylating enzymes are introduced, as well as the importance to restore the NAD + pools in these systems. Finally, a special attention is presently focused on viral macrodomains, aimed to develop inhibitors to improve the immune response to viruses.

Suggested Citation

  • Palmiro Poltronieri, 2020. "Emerging Concepts on the Role of ADP-Ribosylation," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-4, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jchals:v:11:y:2020:i:1:p:3-:d:322607
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Palmiro Poltronieri & Nataša Čerekovic, 2018. "Roles of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD + ) in Biological Systems," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Palmiro Poltronieri, 2017. "ADP-Ribosylation Reactions in Animals, Plants, and Bacteria," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-5, June.
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