First Coprological Survey of Semiferal Goat ( Capra hircus ) Parasites in Relation to Environmental Factors on the Island of Socotra, Yemen

Parasites play a significant role in biodiversity, yet research on these organisms remains limited, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Parasites are also an essential aspect of domestic animal husbandry, and their prevalence depends on various factors, such as husbandry conditions and the environment. However, no studies have been conducted on parasites affecting domestic animals on Socotra Island. This study aimed to investigate parasites in selected goat populations on the island using intravital fecal diagnosis. A total of 406 samples from adult goats across different locations (lowlands and highlands) and seasons (dry and rainy) were collected, fixed in 10% formalin, and transported to the Czech Republic for coprological examination using flotation and ether sedimentation methods. Statistical analyses, including partial canonical correspondence analysis (pCCA), the Monte Carlo permutation test, and the chi-squared test, revealed a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infections, with 89% of goats infected. Eimeria spp. had the highest prevalence (76%). Co-infection was common, with 55.9% of goats infected with multiple parasites. Seasonality influenced parasitism, with other Protostrongylidae, Muellerius spp., and Trichuris spp. predominating during the rainy season, and Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal strongylids predominating during the dry season. This first study on Socotra Island, Yemen, provides crucial insights into effective intervention strategies for controlling goat parasite infections.