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Evaluation and Early Detection of Downy Mildew of Lettuce Using Hyperspectral Imagery

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  • Songtao Ban

    (Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
    Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Technology (Yangtze River Delta), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Minglu Tian

    (Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
    Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Technology (Yangtze River Delta), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Dong Hu

    (Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
    Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Technology (Yangtze River Delta), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China)

  • Mengyuan Xu

    (Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
    Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Technology (Yangtze River Delta), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China)

  • Tao Yuan

    (Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
    Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Technology (Yangtze River Delta), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China)

  • Xiuguo Zheng

    (Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
    Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Technology (Yangtze River Delta), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China)

  • Linyi Li

    (Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
    Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Technology (Yangtze River Delta), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China)

  • Shiwei Wei

    (Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China)

Abstract

This study combines hyperspectral imaging technology with biochemical parameter analysis to facilitate the disease severity evaluation and early detection of lettuce downy mildew. The results reveal a significant negative correlation between the disease index (DI) and the levels of flavonoids ( r = −0.523) and anthocyanins ( r = −0.746), indicating the role of these secondary metabolites in enhancing plant resistance. Analysis of hyperspectral data identified that spectral regions (410–503 nm, 510–615 nm, and 630–690 nm) and vegetation indices like PRI and ARI2 were highly correlated with DI, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, providing potential spectral indicators for disease assessment and early detection. Moreover, regression models developed using Partial Least Squares (PLS), Random Forest (RF), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithms demonstrated high accuracy and reliability in predicting DI, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, with the highest R 2 of 0.857, 0.910, and 0.963, respectively. The classification model using PLS, RF, and CNN successfully detected early physiological changes in lettuce within 24 h post-infection (highest accuracy = 0.764), offering an effective tool for early disease detection. The key spectral parameters in the PLS-DA model, like PRI, also demonstrated strong correlations with DI. These findings provide a scientific basis and practical tools for managing lettuce downy mildew and resistance breeding while laying a foundation for broader applications of hyperspectral imaging in plant pathology.

Suggested Citation

  • Songtao Ban & Minglu Tian & Dong Hu & Mengyuan Xu & Tao Yuan & Xiuguo Zheng & Linyi Li & Shiwei Wei, 2025. "Evaluation and Early Detection of Downy Mildew of Lettuce Using Hyperspectral Imagery," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-24, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:5:p:444-:d:1595395
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yimy E. García-Vera & Andrés Polochè-Arango & Camilo A. Mendivelso-Fajardo & Félix J. Gutiérrez-Bernal, 2024. "Hyperspectral Image Analysis and Machine Learning Techniques for Crop Disease Detection and Identification: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-31, July.
    2. Yuqiang Wu & Yifei Cao & Zhaoyu Zhai, 2022. "Early Detection of Bacterial Blight in Hyperspectral Images Based on Random Forest and Adaptive Coherence Estimator," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-14, October.
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