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Oxalic Acid Boosts Phosphorus Release from Sewage Sludge Biochar: A Key Mechanism for Biochar-Based Fertilizers

Author

Listed:
  • Marcela Granato Barbosa dos Santos

    (Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-970, Brazil)

  • Camila Rodrigues Costa

    (Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-970, Brazil)

  • Gilberto de Oliveira Mendes

    (Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rodovia LMG-746, Km 1, Bloco 1A-MC, Monte Carmelo 38500-000, Brazil)

  • Andressa Blasi Paiva

    (Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-970, Brazil)

  • Ludmila Soares Peixoto

    (Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-970, Brazil)

  • Jéssica da Luz Costa

    (Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-970, Brazil)

  • Giuliano Marchi

    (Embrapa Cerrados, CPAC, Brasília 70275-970, Brazil)

  • Éder de Souza Martins

    (Embrapa Cerrados, CPAC, Brasília 70275-970, Brazil)

  • Cícero Célio de Figueiredo

    (Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-970, Brazil)

Abstract

Sewage sludge biochar (SSB) exhibits higher phosphorus (P) concentrations than the original sewage sludge (SS) and can be used as a P fertilizer. However, SSB-associated P is strongly retained in chemical compounds, which hinders its release and subsequent plant uptake. The use of organic acids facilitates P solubilization from SSB. Herein, we evaluated the effect of oxalic acid on P release from SSB applied to soil over time. Biochar was produced at 300 °C (SSB300) and 500 °C (SSB500). P release from SSB increased with an increasing concentration of oxalic acid in the SSB incubation solution and in SSB-treated soil. P speciation in SSB showed that P was predominantly inorganic (P i ), which represented 81% and 92% of the total P in SSB300 and SSB500, respectively. P i in SSB consisted mainly of non-apatite P, accounting for 91% and 96% of all P i in SSB300 and SSB500, respectively. Because SSB is predominantly insoluble in water, oxalic acid is crucial for the release of P from SSB. Oxalic acid increased P release from SSB300 and SSB500 by 103- and 600-fold, respectively, compared to the control, from which P was extracted with water. Oxalic acid enhancement of P release from SSB increases the possibility of using SSB as a sustainable source of P for agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcela Granato Barbosa dos Santos & Camila Rodrigues Costa & Gilberto de Oliveira Mendes & Andressa Blasi Paiva & Ludmila Soares Peixoto & Jéssica da Luz Costa & Giuliano Marchi & Éder de Souza Marti, 2024. "Oxalic Acid Boosts Phosphorus Release from Sewage Sludge Biochar: A Key Mechanism for Biochar-Based Fertilizers," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:9:p:1607-:d:1478110
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kamila Fernanda Rossati & Cícero Célio de Figueiredo & Gilberto de Oliveira Mendes, 2023. "Aspergillus niger Enhances the Efficiency of Sewage Sludge Biochar as a Sustainable Phosphorus Source," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-10, April.
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