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The Coupling Effects of PGPR Inoculation and Foliar Spraying of Strigolactone in Mitigating the Negative Effect of Salt Stress in Wheat Plants: Insights from Phytochemical, Growth, and Yield Attributes

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  • Shadi Sadat Mehrabi

    (Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran)

  • Manijeh Sabokdast

    (Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran)

  • Mohammad Reza Bihamta

    (Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran)

  • Beáta Dedičová

    (Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Alnarp, Sundsvägen 10, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden)

Abstract

Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants at several physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. This stress leads to suppressed growth, reduced grain yield, and poor quality of harvested grains. However, two approaches have shown promise for improving wheat salt tolerance: using a synthetic strigolactone analog called GR24 and applying plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). GR24 plays a vital role in regulating plant growth and development and in defense against various stresses. Conversely, PGPR are beneficial bacteria that colonize the rhizosphere of plants and promote their growth through multiple mechanisms. In our study, we investigated the effects of salinity on the growth and yield traits of two different wheat cultivars and explored the combined role of PGPR and GR24 in mitigating the impact of salt stress. We created three different salinity levels using NaCl in pots (original, 5 dS m −1 , and 10 dS m −1 ) and inoculated wheat seeds with a salt-tolerant Bacillus velezensis UTB96 strain. In addition, we applied 10 μM GR24 via foliar application during the pollination stage. Our observations showed that salt stress negatively affected wheat’s growth, yield, and phytochemical properties compared to the control. However, both single and combined applications of PGPR and GR24 mitigated the adverse effects of salinity. The combined treatment had a more substantial impact than either alone in inducing and improving biochemical and ionic characteristics. These included decreasing Na + content in both leaves and roots, and EL, H 2 O 2, and MDA content in leaves while increasing K + content in both leaves and roots, growth and yield-related traits, RWC, chlorophyll pigments, total protein, soluble sugar, starch, proline, GB, and antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, POX, and CAT) of leaves. In conclusion, integrating PGPR and GR24 can efficiently induce salt tolerance and improve plant growth under stressed conditions. This combined approach has the potential for broad applicability in supporting plant growth in the presence of salt stress.

Suggested Citation

  • Shadi Sadat Mehrabi & Manijeh Sabokdast & Mohammad Reza Bihamta & Beáta Dedičová, 2024. "The Coupling Effects of PGPR Inoculation and Foliar Spraying of Strigolactone in Mitigating the Negative Effect of Salt Stress in Wheat Plants: Insights from Phytochemical, Growth, and Yield Attribute," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-35, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:5:p:732-:d:1390519
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohammad Faisal & Mohammad Faizan & Sadia Haque Tonny & Vishnu D. Rajput & Tatiana Minkina & Abdulrahman A. Alatar & Ranjith Pathirana, 2023. "Strigolactone-Mediated Mitigation of Negative Effects of Salinity Stress in Solanum lycopersicum through Reducing the Oxidative Damage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-13, March.
    2. P. Valentovič & M. Luxová & L. Kolarovič & O. Gašparíková, 2006. "Effect of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content, membrane stability and water relationsin two maize cultivars," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 52(4), pages 186-191.
    3. Muhammad Ahsan & Hira Zulfiqar & Muhammad Ansar Farooq & Sajjad Ali & Aasma Tufail & Shamsa Kanwal & Muhammad Rashid Shaheen & Mateen Sajid & Hera Gul & Aftab Jamal & Muhammad Farhan Saeed & Roberto M, 2022. "Strigolactone (GR24) Application Positively Regulates Photosynthetic Attributes, Stress-Related Metabolites and Antioxidant Enzymatic Activities of Ornamental Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus cv. Vincent," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.
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