Shading at the Booting Stage Improved the Grain Quality of Hybrid Rice Due to Reduced Spikelet Production

As a growing abiotic stress, light deficient conditions seriously affect the yield and quality of rice. However, few studies focus on the effects of shading on grain quality at the booting stage and the responses of different hybrid rice cultivars to shading. Field experiments involving four representative rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars across no shading (CK) and 40% shading at the booting (S) and grain filling stages (SS) were conducted in 2021 and 2022. Compared with CK, S reduced grain yield by 53.0% but increased the head rice rate by 11.4% averaged across varieties and years. The chalkiness degree (CD) and chalky grain percentage (CR) were reduced by 73.0% and 61.6% in S due to its 45.3% lower total spikelets m –2 , 44.0% lower grain–leaf ratio and 23.5% lower dry weight spikelet production efficiency, compared with CK. The CD and CR in SS were 49.5% and 41.0% higher and HR was 7.1% lower than that in CK. Shading significantly reduced amylose content, peak viscosity and breakdown value, but increased protein content and setback value, and the effects of SS were greater than S. Y-liangyou900 and Liangyoupeijiu showed better milling quality, while Y-liangyou900 and Chuanyou6203 obtained a better appearance and eating quality than the other varieties under both S and SS. In conclusion, shading at the booting stage significantly improved the milling, appearance and nutritional quality, and did not reduce the cooking and eating quality, but led to a significant decline in the grain yield of hybrid rice. Moreover, Y-liangyou900 exhibited better rice quality but lower yield under shading treatments. Therefore, more attention needs to be focused on screening shade-tolerant varieties using both yield and quality to cope with climate change in the future.