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Optimization of the Drying Process for Gamma-Irradiated Mushroom Slices Using Mathematical Models and Machine Learning Algorithms

Author

Listed:
  • Ehsan Fartash Naeimi

    (Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Türkiye)

  • Mohammad Hadi Khoshtaghaza

    (Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran)

  • Kemal Çağatay Selvi

    (Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Türkiye)

  • Nicoleta Ungureanu

    (Department of Biotechnical Systems, Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Soleiman Abbasi

    (Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran)

Abstract

Concerns over dried product quality and energy consumption have prompted researchers to explore integrated techniques for improving quality and reducing energy use. This study investigates the effect of gamma irradiation pretreatment (0, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 kGy) on button mushroom slices, followed by thin-layer drying at 50, 60, and 70 °C. The results indicated that increasing irradiation dose and drying temperature significantly reduced drying time. The Midilli model provided the best fıt to the drying data (R 2 = 0.9969–0.9998). Artificial neural networks (ANN) accurately predicted moisture variations, achieving R 2 = 0.9975 and RMSE = 0.0220. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, employing the Pearson universal kernel in normalized mode, also performed well, with R 2 = 0.9939 and RMSE = 0.0344. Similarly, in the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) algorithm with three neighbors (k = 3), the R 2 and RMSE values were 0.9888 and 0.0458, respectively. Gamma irradiation enhanced the effective diffusion coefficient (D eff ) to 10.796 × 10 −8 m 2 /s, and reduced activation energy (E a ) to 11.09 kJ/mol. The highest heat utilization efficiency (41.1%) was observed at 3.6 kGy and 50 °C. These findings highlight the potential of integrating gamma irradiation pretreatment and advanced drying techniques to optimize energy use and improve the quality of dried mushroom slices.

Suggested Citation

  • Ehsan Fartash Naeimi & Mohammad Hadi Khoshtaghaza & Kemal Çağatay Selvi & Nicoleta Ungureanu & Soleiman Abbasi, 2024. "Optimization of the Drying Process for Gamma-Irradiated Mushroom Slices Using Mathematical Models and Machine Learning Algorithms," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-21, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:12:p:2351-:d:1549129
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Majid Yazdani Barforoosh & Ali Mohammad Borghaee & Shahin Rafiee & Saeid Minaei & Babak Beheshti, 2024. "Determining the effective diffusivity coefficient and activation energy in thin-layer drying of Haj Kazemi peach slices and modeling drying kinetics using ANFIS," International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, Oxford University Press, vol. 19, pages 192-206.
    2. Francileni Pompeu Gomes & Osvaldo Resende & Elisabete Piancó de Sousa & Juliana Aparecida Célia & Kênia Borges de Oliveira, 2022. "Application of Mathematical Models and Thermodynamic Properties in the Drying of Jambu Leaves," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-11, August.
    3. Renato Costa da Silva & Wilton Pereira da Silva & Josivanda Palmeira Gomes & Alexandre José de Melo Queiroz & Rossana Maria Feitosa de Figueirêdo & Antonio Gilson Barbosa de Lima & Ana Paula Trindade , 2022. "A New Empirical Model for Predicting Intermittent and Continuous Drying of “Neve” Melon ( Cucumis melo sp.) Seeds," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-13, February.
    4. Xiaolan Man & Long Li & Xiuwen Fan & Hong Zhang & Haipeng Lan & Yurong Tang & Yongcheng Zhang, 2024. "Drying Kinetics and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Walnut under Hot Air Drying," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-19, January.
    5. Jiyou An & Jianchun Yan & Hai Wei & Xuan Liao & Tao Liu & Huanxiong Xie, 2024. "Investigation of the Kinetic Dynamics in the Intermittent Microwave–Hot-Air Combined Drying of Peanut Pods," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, December.
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