The Trend of Coal Mining-Disturbed CDR AVHRR NDVI (1982–2022) in a Plain Agricultural Region—A Case Study on Yongcheng Coal Mine and Its Buffers in China

The destruction of arable land caused by coal mining in coal grain compound areas is a major bottleneck restricting grain production increase. The spatiotemporal correlation between the decline in cultivated land quality and crop growth deterioration due to mining subsidence still needs to be clarified. This study employed the CDR AVHRR NDVI dataset and applied correlation and trend analysis methods to extract vegetation cover information from 1982 to 2022. It also explored the relationships between vegetation cover and temperature and precipitation. The study found the following: (1) Over the past 41 years, the NDVI in the study area showed a significant upward trend. Specifically, the average annual NDVI growth rate in the mining area was 51.85%, while the corresponding growth rates for the 10 km buffer area, 20 km buffer area, and check area (CK) were 65.91%, 65.86%, and 68.09%, respectively. The start of the growing season (SOS) for winter wheat in the mining area and control area advanced by 49 ± 1.5 days and 65 ± 1.5 days, respectively, while the length of the growing season (LOS) extended by 59 ± 1.5 days and 72 ± 1.5 days, respectively. For summer maize, the SOS advanced by 11 ± 1.5 days and 15 ± 1.5 days, respectively, and the LOS extended by 17 ± 1.5 days and 19 ± 1.5 days, respectively. The study area exhibited a significant positive correlation between the NDVI and temperature. Specifically, the correlation coefficient for the mining area was 0.6865 ( p < 0.01); for the 10 km buffer zone, it was 0.5937 ( p < 0.01), for the 20 km buffer zone, it was 0.6775 ( p < 0.01), and for the control check area (CK), it was 0.6591 ( p < 0.01). The results of this study can provide data support for the collaborative rehabilitation of and source reduction in coal grain compound areas, as well as for the restoration of damaged farmland.