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Use Efficiency, Reduction Potential, and Effects of Fertilizers on Carbon Emissions in China’s Major Citrus Regions

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  • Yueyuan Yang

    (College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
    Institute of Horticultural Economics, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
    Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Chunjie Qi

    (College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
    Institute of Horticultural Economics, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Yumeng Gu

    (College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
    Institute of Horticultural Economics, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
    Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Guozhu Fang

    (School of Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, Hanzhou 310012, China)

Abstract

Enhancing the efficiency of fertilizer utilization and advancing fertilizer reduction efforts constitutes a pivotal initiative for augmenting the quality and productivity of the citrus industry; this constitutes an indispensable prerequisite for attaining green and sustainable development. Utilizing panel data from seven prominent mandarin-producing regions and seven prominent tangerine-producing regions in China spanning from 2002 to 2022, this study employed the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method to develop a translog production function model for precisely measuring the fertilizer use efficiency for mandarins and tangerines. Employing the calculated optimal fertilizer use rates, we further ascertained the fertilizer reduction potential for mandarin and tangerine; then, we estimated the associated carbon emission reduction potential within these key citrus regions. The research revealed the following findings: the overall level of citrus fertilizer use efficiency in China is comparatively low, with the mean values for mandarin and tangerine fertilizer use efficiency being merely 0.4403 and 0.3887, respectively, indicating substantial room for improvement by approximately 60%; substantial potential exists for decreasing fertilizer use in China’s citrus industry, with average reduction potentials of 66.27% for mandarins and 64.83% for tangerines, signifying a notable redundancy in fertilizer application within major citrus-producing areas. The magnitude of carbon emission reduction potential through the diminution of citrus fertilizer use is tremendous. When optimal fertilizer rates are applied, the average carbon emission reductions resulting from fertilizer reduction in mandarins and tangerines amount to 815.8681 kg/hm 2 and 602.3551 kg/hm 2 , respectively. The average carbon reduction potential for mandarins and tangerines reach levels of 55.9673% and 61.1299%, respectively, both surpassing the threshold of 55%. Significant differences exist in the technical efficiency of fertilizer input, reduction potential, and carbon emission mitigation potential among major citrus-producing regions. Citrus orchards in Guangdong exhibit higher potential for fertilizer reduction but demonstrate a relatively low level of technical efficiency. In contrast, Hunan Province shows an opposite trend, necessitating the development of region-specific strategies. Therefore, to minimize citrus fertilizer use and augment the technical efficiency of citrus fertilizer, it is imperative to comprehensively integrate and promote the “three new” technologies aimed at reducing fertilizer use and enhancing its efficiency within the citrus industry; implement a regional coordinated development strategy for citrus fertilizer reduction; and intensify policy guidance, publicity, and training efforts related to citrus fertilizer reduction, efficiency enhancement, and carbon emissions reduction.

Suggested Citation

  • Yueyuan Yang & Chunjie Qi & Yumeng Gu & Guozhu Fang, 2024. "Use Efficiency, Reduction Potential, and Effects of Fertilizers on Carbon Emissions in China’s Major Citrus Regions," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:11:p:1971-:d:1513210
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yumeng Gu & Chunjie Qi & Yu He & Fuxing Liu & Beige Luo, 2023. "Spatial Correlation Network Structure of and Factors Influencing Technological Progress in Citrus-Producing Regions in China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, November.
    2. Yumeng Gu & Chunjie Qi & Fuxing Liu & Quanyong Lei & Yuchao Ding, 2023. "Spatiotemporal Evolution and Spatial Convergence Analysis of Total Factor Productivity of Citrus in China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Kodde, David A & Palm, Franz C, 1986. "Wald Criteria for Jointly Testing Equality and Inequality Restriction s," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 54(5), pages 1243-1248, September.
    4. Stijn Reinhard & C.A. Knox Lovell & Geert Thijssen, 1999. "Econometric Estimation of Technical and Environmental Efficiency: An Application to Dutch Dairy Farms," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 81(1), pages 44-60.
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