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Impact of Salinity, Elevated Temperature, and Their Interaction with the Photosynthetic Efficiency of Halophyte Crop Chenopodium quinoa Willd

Author

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  • Elena Shuyskaya

    (K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia)

  • Zulfira Rakhmankulova

    (K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia)

  • Maria Prokofieva

    (K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia)

  • Varvara Kazantseva

    (K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia)

  • Nina Lunkova

    (K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia)

Abstract

Chenopodium quinoa is a genetically diverse crop that can adapt to a wide range of environments, including temperatures and salinities. However, only a few studies have assessed the combined effects of two or more environmental factors on C. quinoa . Here, we investigated the effects of salinity (300 mM NaCl), elevated temperature (35 °C), and their interaction with growth, water–salt balance, the efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), the activity of cyclic electron transport (CET) around photosystem I (PSI), Rubisco and PEPC enzyme content, and the expression of photosynthetic genes. We found that elevated temperature did not decrease the biomass but caused a significant increase in the water and potassium content of C. quinoa leaves. The decrease in PSII efficiency under elevated temperature was accompanied by an increase in the expression of genes encoding the components of PSII ( psbA ) and linear electron transport ( FDI ), as well as the main photosynthetic protein Rubisco ( rbcL ). Moreover, the strongest effect was induced by the combined effect of elevated temperature and salinity, which induced high oxidative stress (a threefold increase in MDA), a threefold decrease in the biomass, a twofold decrease in PSII efficiency, and a two- to eightfold decrease in the expression of the photosynthetic genes psbA , FDI , and rbcL . PSI was more tolerant to all forms of stress; however, the combined effect of elevated temperature and salinity downregulated the expression of PGR5 and FNR1 , which may diminish the role of PGR5/PGRL1-dependent CET in favor of the NDH-dependent CET of PSI. The obtained data on the functioning of photosystems and the expression of photosynthetic genes under combined stress (elevated temperature and salinity) can make a significant contribution to understanding the mechanisms of tolerance of C. quinoa to multiple stresses under climate change conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Elena Shuyskaya & Zulfira Rakhmankulova & Maria Prokofieva & Varvara Kazantseva & Nina Lunkova, 2023. "Impact of Salinity, Elevated Temperature, and Their Interaction with the Photosynthetic Efficiency of Halophyte Crop Chenopodium quinoa Willd," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:6:p:1198-:d:1163815
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yuri Munekage & Mihoko Hashimoto & Chikahiro Miyake & Ken-Ichi Tomizawa & Tsuyoshi Endo & Masao Tasaka & Toshiharu Shikanai, 2004. "Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I is essential for photosynthesis," Nature, Nature, vol. 429(6991), pages 579-582, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yan Ma & Jiao Wang & Yu Sun & Yu Dong & Hongyu Cai & Imtiaz Hussain Raja & Tongjun Guo & Sujiang Zhang, 2023. "Effects of Compound Salt Concentration on Growth, Physiological and Nutritional Value of Hydroponic Forage Wheat," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-11, September.

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