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Application of Jeevamrit Improves Soil Properties in Zero Budget Natural Farming Fields

Author

Listed:
  • Baljeet Singh Saharan

    (Department of Microbiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India)

  • Swati Tyagi

    (Department of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
    Current address: Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute—South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi 221106, India.)

  • Robin Kumar

    (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya 224229, India)

  • Vijay

    (Department of Horticulture, Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal 132001, India)

  • Hari Om

    (Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India)

  • Balwan Singh Mandal

    (Directorate of Extension Education, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India)

  • Joginder Singh Duhan

    (Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, India)

Abstract

Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF), utilizing natural resources, multiple cropping systems, and cow-dung- and urine-based products to improve soil biology, has been practiced by thousands of farmers in India. However, without any scientific proof, this traditional and ancient technique is mocked as a bugged theory in the scientific community. In the current study, we have investigated the effect of Jeevamrit —cow-dung- and urine-based formulation—on soil chemical and microbial properties of the ZBNF field coupled with metagenomic analysis and the economics of ZBNF. The percentage increase in soil properties, such as organic carbon, available phosphorus, and available potassium, was recorded up to 46%, 439%, and 142%, respectively, while micronutrients, such as Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn, also increased up to 98%, 23%, 62%, and 55%, respectively, from 2017 to 2019. Whole genome metagenomic analysis revealed that Proteobacteria were dominantly present, and bacterial phyla including Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Rhizobium, and Panibacillus . On the other hand, Ascomycota was the dominating fungal phyla present in the soil sample. Further, functional analysis showed a high representation of genes/enzymes involved in amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism contributing to soil fertility, plant growth, defense, and development. Additionally, the cost–benefit ratio of ZBNF was double the farmer’s practice when tested with the rice and wheat cropping system. The results from this study provide a new proof of concept and understanding of the potential of the ZBNF component, i.e., Jeevamrit , in improving soil properties.

Suggested Citation

  • Baljeet Singh Saharan & Swati Tyagi & Robin Kumar & Vijay & Hari Om & Balwan Singh Mandal & Joginder Singh Duhan, 2023. "Application of Jeevamrit Improves Soil Properties in Zero Budget Natural Farming Fields," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:1:p:196-:d:1033987
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    Cited by:

    1. Ranjit Kumar & Sanjiv Kumar & BS Yashavanth & Nakeertha Venu & PC Meena & A Dhandapani & Alok Kumar, 2023. "Natural Farming Practices for Chemical-Free Agriculture: Implications for Crop Yield and Profitability," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-16, March.

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