Double-Cropped Winter Camelina with and without Added Nitrogen: Effects on Productivity and Soil Available Nitrogen

Double cropping winter camelina ( Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) with maize ( Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max L. (Merr.)) is a diversification strategy in northern regions. Winter camelina is reported to have low nutrient requirements, but its nitrogen (N) needs are not well understood. Studies on winter camelina without (Study 1) and with (Study 2) N fertilization were used to compare growth, seed yield and quality, and effects on soil N. Study 1 was conducted from 2015 to 2017 at one location and Study 2 was conducted from 2018 to 2020 at two locations. Grain yield was as much as six times higher in Study 2 compared with Study 1; averaged across treatments, winter camelina yielded 1157 kg ha −1 in Study 2 and 556 kg ha −1 without N. Oil and protein content ranged from 26.4 to 27.2% and 19.4 to 27.1%, respectively, in Study 1 and from 31.7 to 35.9% and 14.9 to 20.8%, respectively, in Study 2. N fertilizer increased winter camelina biomass and grain yield and soil N when double cropped with maize and soybean. Our study indicates that grain yield of winter camelina respond positively to N fertilization in a northern location. The drawback of this is the increase in residual soil N, which suggests the need for further research to balance agronomic practices with environmental outcomes.