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Metabolomics Analysis of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) Affected by Low Potassium Supply

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  • Hongyan Gao

    (School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
    Key Laboratory of Agriculture Equipment and Intelligence of Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Liyan Gong

    (College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China)

  • Jiheng Ni

    (School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
    Key Laboratory of Agriculture Equipment and Intelligence of Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Qinglin Li

    (School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
    Key Laboratory of Agriculture Equipment and Intelligence of Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

Abstract

Lettuce is a commercially significant leafy vegetable worldwide. Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient for lettuce growth and development and significantly impacts its metabolites. Biomarkers that are indicative of variations in the K status of lettuce before the occurrence of biophysical changes (e.g., leaf or canopy morphological, textural and color features), can be adopted to determine the early K status of lettuce. To understand the effect of low K on diverse metabolites, we examined the metabolic response of lettuce in a closed cultivation room under controlled conditions. The evaluation was based on large-scale untargeted metabolomics assay of the K group using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed with a fold-change (FC) analysis, t -test, and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis. Fifty-two metabolites were classified into two groups by the FC, p , and the variable importance in projection (VIP). Low K led to an increment in 40 metabolites (FC > 2, p < 0.05, VIP > 1) and a decrease in 12 metabolites (FC < 0.5, p < 0.05, VIP > 1). Ten pathways were significantly enriched with metabolic biomarkers. In light of the complex interactive relationships among N, P, and K, the top five biomarkers were screened further by VIP > 4.00. Adenosine, FA 18:1+3O, uridine, cis-aconitate, and D(-)-gulono-gamma-lactone showed an increase in low-K stress samples, and may be considered potential metabolic biomarkers. This study validates the impact of low K on lettuce metabolism, and identifies biomarkers that can be used to monitor the K status in lettuce.

Suggested Citation

  • Hongyan Gao & Liyan Gong & Jiheng Ni & Qinglin Li, 2022. "Metabolomics Analysis of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) Affected by Low Potassium Supply," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:8:p:1153-:d:880198
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hongyan Gao & Hanping Mao & Ikram Ullah, 2020. "Analysis of Metabolomic Changes in Lettuce Leaves under Low Nitrogen and Phosphorus Deficiencies Stresses," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-14, September.
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