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Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mitigate Salt Stress in Sorghum bicolor

Author

Listed:
  • Tessia Rakgotho

    (Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
    SensorLab, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

  • Nzumbululo Ndou

    (Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
    SensorLab, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

  • Takalani Mulaudzi

    (Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

  • Emmanuel Iwuoha

    (SensorLab, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

  • Noluthando Mayedwa

    (SensorLab, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

  • Rachel Fanelwa Ajayi

    (SensorLab, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

Abstract

Salinity is an abiotic stress that is responsible for more than 50% of crop losses worldwide. Current strategies to overcome salinity in agriculture are limited to the use of genetically modified crops and chemicals including fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides; however these are costly and can be hazardous to human health and the environment. Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is an eco-friendly and cost-effective method, and they might serve as novel biostimulants. This study investigated for the first time the efficiency of ZnO NPs, synthesized from Agathosma betulina to mitigate salt stress in Sorghum bicolor . Hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs of about 27.5 nm, were obtained. Sorghum seeds were primed with ZnO NPs (5 and 10 mg/L), prior to planting on potting soil and treatment with high salt (400 mM NaCl). Salt significantly impaired growth by decreasing shoot lengths and fresh weights, causing severe deformation on the anatomical (epidermis and vascular bundle tissue) structure. Element distribution was also affected by salt which increased the Na + /K + ratio (2.9). Salt also increased oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde), enzyme activities (SOD, CAT and APX), proline, and soluble sugars. Priming with ZnO NPs stimulated the growth of salt-stressed sorghum plants, which was exhibited by improved shoot lengths, fresh weights, and a well-arranged anatomical structure, as well as a low Na + /K + ratio (1.53 and 0.58) indicating an improved element distribution. FTIR spectra confirmed a reduction in the degradation of biomolecules correlated with reduced oxidative stress. This study strongly suggests the use of green-synthesized ZnO NPs from A. betulina as potential biostimulants to improve plant growth under abiotic stress.

Suggested Citation

  • Tessia Rakgotho & Nzumbululo Ndou & Takalani Mulaudzi & Emmanuel Iwuoha & Noluthando Mayedwa & Rachel Fanelwa Ajayi, 2022. "Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mitigate Salt Stress in Sorghum bicolor," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:5:p:597-:d:800960
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rosenow, D. T. & Quisenberry, J. E. & Wendt, C. W. & Clark, L. E., 1983. "Drought tolerant sorghum and cotton germplasm," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 7(1-3), pages 207-222, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniele Del Buono & Luca Regni & Primo Proietti, 2023. "Abiotic Stresses, Biostimulants and Plant Activity," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-5, January.
    2. María del Pino Palacios-Diaz & Juan Ramón Fernández-Vera & Jose Manuel Hernández-Moreno & Regla Amorós & Vanessa Mendoza-Grimón, 2023. "Effect of Irrigation Management and Water Quality on Soil and Sorghum bicolor Payenne Yield in Cape Verde," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, January.

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